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FOR THE USE OF 


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Printers $ ^Ipprentiges, 






it J - ohn Xj. Phillips, 

FOREMAN STATE JOURNAL JOB ROOM. 




SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 
18 7 5 . 





















































































































































i: 3 

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o 





PREFATORY 



N presenting this little volume to the Craft, it has been the aim of the Author to place 
before the Job Printer and Apprentice (in a condensed form) such information as will 
be most valuable to them in their every day work. The forms are all printed closely 
together—not spread out for the purpose of making a large book. It is desired only to give the 
forms , the margins and the spacing is left with the Printer to supply. In compiling the matter 
herein contained, the Author has culled from the most reliable authorities that which will be most 
beneficial to the Job Printer and the Apprentice ; and for many of the recipes in the work, credit 
will be found given to their proper owners. 

The printing of the book was done on small job presses, and the job specimens were printed 
from time to time, as each Job was being printed on the press, in the regular run ot work; and it 
is not claimed that the work is perfect, but it has been the aim of the Author to place before the 
Printer all the different forms necessary to his work ; and where the form was too large for inser 
tion in its pages, minature forms have been printed, showing the style and proportion of the work. 

The recipes will be found full and complete, and their merits can all be vouched for, as each 
and every one of them has been tried and thoroughly tested. In the arrangement of the display 
type, and the imposition of forms and matter, the “Hints to Printers" contains much valuable 
information, some of which has never before appeared in any other work. 

It is the wish of the Author, that the matter contained in this book may be of use to the mem¬ 
bers of the Craft into whose hands it may find its way, and that it may solve for each one many 
questions over which his brain may at times be puzzled, and thereby aid in the advancement and 
promotion of the Art, in which every true Printer should take pride in bearing aloft the banner 
inscribed “Excelsior." 

THE AUTHOR. 









i 


1 

Ifh 

ft 





















































































”!nts to Printers. 



N this connection, it is simplv desired to give the Printer ideas which will prove valuable to 
him in regard to the purchase of the different kinds of material, and the proper mode of 
arranging the same in the office. There are many Printing Offices, both east and west, where 
all the new and beautiful material is purchased, almost as soon as it is issued from the foundrv, 
and when it arrives in the office, it is thrown into a case and tumbled about in such a manner that in a 
very short space of time the type or material that but so recently was perfect, is battered and almost 
worthless , and when a job is sent to press with a line of the type in it, how soon will all the many “breaks” 
and batters appear ? Then it is that you find out that some one has been careless in handling the letter. 
And who is it ? Were you ever able to find out the answer to this question ? No one has touched it, 
and no one has had occasion to use it. But the type is battered nevertheless. If a little more care was 
exercised by managers and foremen in arranging material and laying type on its arrival from the foundry, 
and taking the proper care of it in using, many dollars could be saved to employers and much more 
‘ handsome printing would be executed. 

In the purchase of Furniture of all kinds, we would have everything neat and substantial ; it 
should be serviceable and not wholly ornamental. Have the cabinets, racks, imposing stones, gallevs, 
etc., all as nearly uniform in appearance as possible. Stands for cases, without racks, the neat iron 
stands are the the most preferable, but if wooden ones are used, care should be taken to have them well 
and substantially made. 

Hacks for Large Job Type should he very strongly made, and strong hard wood cleats 
should be securely screwed to the sides for the cases to rest upon, at such distances apart as will give, 
when the cases are in place, about three-quarters of an inch space between each case. 


For the smaller or finer fonts of Job Type, Cabinets should be used, and they should be neatlv 
made—the cases all fitting closely, so as not to admit of dust or dirt; and blocks of wood should be 
placed under each cabinet, so that there will be at least six inches of space between the bottom of the 
cabinet and the floor. In this way letters that may fall down out of the cases can be easilv found, and 
the fonts of type will not become short by losing them in this manner. For any kind of work or tvpe, 
the cases should be made of the best seasoned wood, so that there will be no possibility of their warping 
or splitting. 


9 










































HIJVTS TO PRINTERS. 



Stand inf/-31Otter Hack, or Clouet. —A rack for standing-matter should have movable 
shelves, so that they can easily be lifted out and the type placed upon them, and be kept without danger 
of battering. A closet, made with doors, is more desirable than a rack, as matter can be kept in a 
closet free from dust that will accumulate, and then too, the doors may be locked and forms may be saved 
from being “ picked” over and “pied,” when the picking is really uncalled for and unnecessary. 

Sort Drawers should be compactly made, and have iron handles to each one so that they may be 
easily drawn out and replaced. 

The Cabinet for Cats should be made with drawers that fit closely, and each drawer should 
be divided off with strips of wood for the separation of different sizes of cuts. 

3Iaterial, Type, Borders, ltale, Etc. —In the selection of all of this kind of material, great 
care should be exercised, and a judicious selection made. Styles should be varied, but it is advisable 
when a font of type is purchased, that a whole series of the same be bought, provided, that the style of 
the letter is such as to make it a standard letter, and one to be useful in an office. The styles of type 
should be systematically varied, and a fair proportion of the different sizes of Romans, Italics, Texts, 
Gothics, Antiques, Bold and Light Faces, Hair Lines, Scripts, Ornamentals, etc., should be maintained. 
A large amount of type and material in an office, which has been bought without any regard to harmony 
and because it was “ new,” or may be simply because vour neighbor has it, will be found of but little use 
for general purposes. 

Novelties. —With almost every sheet that comes from the foundry will be found some new Border, 
Combination or Cut, which is called “ Novelty,” but in almost every instance these novelties will prove 
to be useful only in certain places and at certain times, will soon be out of style and will cease to be a 
“ Novelty.” Such material it is not advisable to buy. 

Uniformity of Body in the many fonts of letter in an office, having the same name, such as 
Nonpariel, Brevier, Long Primer and Pica, should, as nearly as possible, be maintained. A job of work 
that it is intended shall be first-class in every respect, may be marred and wholly spoiled by the spaces 
and quads used in the matter, if they are not of uniform body. 

Every Case in a printing office should be neatly labeled, and care should be taken in laying type 
in cases, in cabinets or racks where two letters of the same body and similar face are placed together, 
that the nicks are different, so that in distributing there will be no excuse for mixing the different fonts. 
Never mix two fonts of type in the same case for want of room ; it is better if you have not room 
sufficient without this, to throw an old font away—there is always an “ old font ” in the office that is nearly 
if not wholly useless. But never place two fonts in one case, it is slovenly and should not be allowed. 

Labor Saving Bale, accurately cut to pica ems and ens, are essential to neat job work, and every 
office should have a number of fonts of the most serviceable and tasty patterns of rule faces. For long 
rule lines the use of full length pieces is more advisable. 

For Blank Work, Brass Labor Saving Leaders should be used. Although expensive, 
they will be truly “labor-saving” if they are purchased for the different Italics or Scripts used, and 
blanks printed with them will he more accurate and have a more perfect appearance than where ordinary 
rule is used alone. 

Slugs and Leads ©f different thicknesses must be plentifully supplied in an office. Have them 
cut accurately to Pica ems and ens, and thereby do away with the miserable practice of cutting and 
“chipping” them at the bench. 

3Ietal Furniture and Quotations are necessary to the execution of good work. A surplus 
of them is more advantageous than to have only a scanty supply. 

Imposing Stones should be made of white Italian marble and smoothed evenly on the top 
working surface. They should be laid on compactly built tables, and the bed, underneath the stone, 

lO 



J •••DMIIIIMMIIM 




























HINTS TO PRINTERS. 


should be filled with saw-dust to prevent springing or cracking. The tables or racks which are to hold 
the stones, should have, near the top, a drawer or two, for the keeping of quoins, furniture, mallets and 
shooting sticks, and at one end of the table place a rack, with strong partitions, running up and down 
from bottom to top of the table, with about three inches space between each partition, and have the 
partitions put in on a slant, and this should be used for placing forms in after they have been worked, 
as at many times during a rush of work every inch of stone room is needed. 

Our best Composing Sticks are made of steel, and are both strong and light, without any give 
or spring at the side. Few of the sticks with the common clasp can be depended on for fine work, for 
they seldom, if ever, hold so well as the nut and screw. But now there are several new and excellent 
sticks which can be used without danger of spreading ; one of them is made with a brace firmly fastened 
to, and extending from the top of the sliding bar to the bottom part of the stick, and this new addition 
is so arranged as not to be unwieldy in the hand of the compositor. Every office should be supplied 
with one or more close-grained Mahogany Sticks for long measures. 

A Mitering Machine is almost indispensable in a printing office, and a new and improved style 
with circular knife is most desirable. They are both economical and durable. 

Quoins of either live-oak, box or iron-wood, although not so handsome or durable as some of the 
later mechanical inventions, yet they will, in all probability, be used for a long time before giving place 
to any other new quoins. 

For narrow lockups, use Iron Side, and Foot Sticks, as they are decidedly better than wooden 
ones as they do not readily yield when the quoins are driven home. 

1 f ood Furniture is convenient and useful where used in forms that do not require a register. 
But when it is desired that an exact register should be obtained, Metal Furniture should be used. 

Shooting Sticks made from polished wrought steel are the best, but care should be exercised in 
using them, so as not to damage the stones or type in locking up forms. 

Mallets, of medium weight, should be made of lignum vitae, or iron-wood, with the handles 
securely fastened. 

Planers made of mahogany wood, and perfectly true, should be used. 

Every office should be provided with a Poiler Closet, built as nearly air-tight as possible. 
Shallow tin pans, filled with warm water in dry or cool seasons, should be placed at the bottom of the 
closets to allow the rollers to attract moisture, which will keep them in good working order longer than 
they would otherwise be kept. 

Have your ley Brushes made of real bristles, that are both firm and elastic. Try a brush by 
rubbing it briskly over the palm of the hand for a few moments, and if it has a searching, springy feel, 
yet produces no harsh or scratchy sensation, it will be a good brush. 

Ink Stones of smoothly finished marble, on which to mix or grind or bray out inks for immediate 
use, are more preferable than the iron plates or tables that are attached to most of the jobbers. 

Ley Pots should be made of iron, and not too large, as, if too much ley is made at one time it is 
liable to get dirty and lose its strength. 

A Prying Table for the spreading out of sheets that are liable to set-off is very useful. 

A Solid Bench, supplied with a vise, saw, files, chisels, plane, hammer, and a few other tools, 
should have a place in every job office. 


1 1 



























.ETTER 


HESS 


OMPOSITIOH. 



OW to Lay a Case with New Letter. —Remove the paper carefully from around the 
type as it comes from the foundry, and place the page confined by its cord on the imposing 
stone. Wet it with a very weak mixture of soap and water, which will prevent the letters 
from adhering together when first used, next place it on a small brass galley, and carefully 
untie the string, then proceed with a stout brass rule of sufficient length to take up three or four lines of 
type, with the nicks up, and holding them horizontally with the faces towards you, slide them gently 
from left to right into their proper boxes, taking care that the faces do not strike or scrape on the side* of 
the boxes. When the boxes are comfortably full, tie up the extra sorts and label them, putting them 
carefully away until such time as they shall be needed. 

Typographic Design. —On taking up the copy from which a design is to be made, carefully scan 
it over, noting the parts that seem the most important, reserving them for the strong points of display. 
The position of the minor parts can form an after consideration. The correct way to produce a neat 
design is to first sketch it off on paper. The changing of words and sentences, when such changes do 
not mar the sense, will attribute at times to render a design more complete. 

In arranging type there should be no clumsey, over balanced, or unnecessarily bold lines ; and, where 
it is possible, the strongest effect should be brought as nearly central as possible. Ornaments should 
he used to improve the appearance of work, and not because you have them or wish to fill up with them. 

In Poster Composition, the main part or display line of the bill should be the thing announced, which 
should be the main line in order to challenge the attention of the beholder at once. 

Composition in which occur “Curved Lines,” is usually very handsome in proportion to the correct 
formation of the curves. When a curve is imperfectly made, it mars the appearance of a job, and a 
straight line in such cases would he far more tasty and pleasing to the beholder. 

Correct Spacing and Hood Justification. —In solid or single leaded matter, the “three 
em,” or “thick space,” is sufficient between words, and an em quad between sentences. The increase 
reen words in spacing shoidd not exceed an en quad, or at most, two thick spaces. Exceptions to 
may and should he made in cases where the matter is widely leaded, as then the spacing of the 

12 



: 

i > 

















































o< 




L ETTER-PRESS COMPOSITION 


should he proportionally wider. A space, known as the “ patent space,” which is of a thickness between 
the en quad and the thick space, is very desirable in book-work, and should find a place in all book 
offices. Hair spaces are placed before colons, semi-colons, interrogation and exclamation points, but in 
some fonts a space or shoulder is cast on the point, in which case, no further space is required, but an en 
quad should always be inserted after them. Hair spaces should also be placed after inverted commas, 
or quotation marks that mark quoted words or sentences, and before the word that follows them. In 
very narrow measures it is better to hair space the words than to throw too much space between them. 

In finishing a paragraph and in setting quads to fill out the break, should thin spaces be required 
to tighten the line, place them after the period, and do not scatter them along between the quads, and 
you will, by so doing, save time in distribution. 

Indention . —Paragraphs beginning with an initial letter should not be indented. In newspaper 
work, or anv other measure less than 26 eras nonpareil, or more than 22 eras pica in width, one etn inden¬ 
tion to each paragraph is sufficient. In wider measures a wider indention improves the appearance of 
the work. 

This paragraph is indented according to what is called “ Side, Hanging or 
Under” indention — a style principally used in introductory para¬ 
graphs in legal and other printing, and in the head lines to Chapters 
or Tables of Contents. It is also used in newspapers were a long 
headings comes over one distinct article. 

This paragraph is set in what is called ‘‘Double Hanging” indention, and 
is mostlv used in Titles, Advertisements, Circulars, Hand-bills, 
and other display work ; also for heads in Newspapers, 

Magazines and Periodicals of all kinds. 

Disjtloi/ Composition. —Care should be used in the spacing of words and letters, and having the 
lines of a job in correct proportion to each other. As a general rule, an en quadrat should be placed 
Itetween words set up in Capitals or Small Capitals, and two 3-em spaces between capitals when used 
alone, should the type be slightlv condensed or moderately light. A proper increase to this space should 
be made in very Full-Faced or Extended type. Lines of extra Condensed lower case, or long Narrow- 
Faced Texts, require less spacing. 


Samples of Spaeinr/: 

(Bad Spacing-.) 

“With Malice towards None, with Charity for All.’' 

(Correct Spacing.) 

“With Malice towards None, with Charity for All.” 



(Bad Spacing.) 

“ Morn amidthe Mountains, lovely solitude, gushing streams and fountains. ” 

(Coirect Spacing.) 


^ “ Morn amid the Mountains, lovely solitude, gushing streams and fountains.” 



13 


j/7Tr 











































LETTER-PRESS COMPOSITION. 


(Bad Spacing.) 

“ OONTE I1TTO THE GARDEN, NT AGUE.” 

(Correct Spacing.) 

“GONTE- INTO THE GARDEN, NT TOTTEN 


(Bad Spacing.) 


I of Jar. am! 


Ip 


$L 


(Correct Spacing.) 


41 onifilimeuta of J||r. and JloljH -^eueriilg^ 


When an initial letter is used, the remainder of the first word should be set in capitals, and made to 
line with the top of the initial itself, and not with any of the flourishes that may be around the letter. 
In script composition, the spacing should be according to the shape of the various letters. Some of the 
capitals to script fonts needing little or no spacing at all. The use of two fonts together, as where an 
abbreviation of a word occurs in a line, and a period and comma are commonly used, is verv bad taste 
in job work. Points should not be omitted, however, in book work. In composing a form to work in 
colors, fine shaded or ornamental type should be used very sparingly, as color work requires surface to 
show to an advantage. Especially is this the case where lines are to be shaded in two or three colors. 
In making your form ready, after first proving it and arranging your colors satisfactorily, set up quadrat 
lines of the same body as the different lines you may have in your form, and place them in where a line 
is taken out, but do not use leads or reglets, as they will give, whereas the quadrats cannot. The prin¬ 
cipal display lines should form the darker and most prominent colors. 

After a form is composed it should be evenly “opened out,” and the lines so separated as to preserve 
an even balance. The following illustrations will explain more fully : 


(Well Balanced.) 

FRANK SIMMONS, 



AND NEWS DEA 


FR 

LI| 


WHOLESALE AGENT FOR 


SCHOOL BOOKS k SCHOOL SUPPLIES, 

206 South Sixth Street, 


SPRINGFIELD. 


ILLINOIS 



































































rj 




LETTE li-PHESS COMPOSITION. 



(Poorly Balanced.) 


OWEfTS BUC-ttU COMBMVV, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




itxira 



And Publishers of 


Mrs. Owen’s Cook Book& The Housewife’s Friend, 

NO. 207 EAST ADAMS STREET, 

SPRINGFIELD, - ILLINOIS. 


Title Pages come under the head of Display Composition, and the beauty of them depends on the 
taste of the compositor. A neatly arranged and tastily composed Title Page is a handsome piece of 
work to look upon. The Dedication of a book should follow immediately after the Title, and should be 
set up in Italics, Text, Capitals or Small Capitals, and be sufficiently spread out. 

The Summary of Contents precedes the Preface ; and the Index, or Table of Contents, should be 
placed at the end of the work, and be in type two sizes smaller than the text. 

Prefaces and Introductory Remarks may be set up in type either larger or smaller than the body of 
the work. 

In the Introduction of a book, it is customary to use numerals for folios, thus : iii for 3, xx for 20, 
xxvi for 26, etc. 

Foot Notes, placed at the bottom of pages, should be set in type smaller than the body. 

In dividing words at the ends of lines, care should be taken in spacing matter so that as few divisions 
will have to be made as possible, and never carry over two letters into the next line, as in the words 
heat -ed, molest-«f, warranty, and never divide such words as a-lcrt , o-vct , a-mount. 

In proving book matter on brass galleys, you should have single side-sticks, fully as long as the 
matter, and press the quoins up with the fingers, but never use a mallet or shooting stick to make a galley 
lock-up, as you can tighten the matter with the fingers sufficiently tight to prove it. A man who would 
use a mallet and shooting stick in locking matter on a galley should not be allowed to work in an office 
where good material is used. 

It is always best to pull off your proofs on a press, as the mallet and planer will batter the finer lines 
of the type. 



IS 








































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Nos. 205-217 JEFFERSON STREET. 

IXjXjli-TOIS. 

State Journal Print, Springfield. Illinois. 


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TO OUE FBIEND3 AND PATEONS. 

— 

We take this method of returning our sin¬ 
cere thanks to our many friends for the very 
liberal patronage they have bestowed upon 
ns during the seasons past, and we desire in 
this connection to say to one and all, that in 
the future as in the pa st, we shall use every 
the 




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istn all times, to 


and we gnarantc fc 
be the best and most complete of any to be 
found in the city or in the west. We do not 
carry over any stock from one season to the 
next, so that bur goods each season are new 
and complete, embracing all the latest and 
best styles ot Piece Goods and Clothing. 


FALL AND WINTER-1875. 





_^isr:D 



GENTS' FURNISHERS. 

OTJTl MOTTOES: 

Strictly One Price to All. Goods Marked in Plain Figures 

No Deviation from Marked Prices. 



/ / 






















































THE FLAG PROGRAMME.”—Folds in the centre, and the lead pencil placed in a fold at the back, forms the Staff. 











•eTsd^osisis pnt 6J0APjSaa ‘.CaBdmoo vea-nof 


PROGRAMME. 


16 . Quadrille, . 

17. Waltz—Burlesque, 
iS. Virginia Reel, 


Mocking Bird. 
Ladies' Choice. 
Come and Kiss Me. 


Union Forever. 
Give us a Best. 


All Hands Around. 


19. Quadrille Landers, 

20. Schottische, 

2i. Sicilian Circle, 

22. Quadrille Polka, Coming thro' the Rye. 

23. Varsouvienne, Kiss Him for his Mother. 

24. Quadrille—15th amendment, Ladies'Choice. 
25. Waltz, Prof. Fero. 

26. Quadrille, . Grand Walk Around. 

.Cauliflower 


Quadrille, 

Esmeralda, 


2S. Quadrille, 


Lancers. 


29. Plain Waltz, I'd like to know his Name. 

30. Quadrille, . Will you ever go Home. 

31. Dan Tucker, Rollers' Farewell 'till ’76. 

HOME, SWEET HOME. 


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■W. BAETLETT. 



For Turning Piston Packing and other Rings of 
Large Internal Diameters. 
a 



DESCRIPTION. 

11, main plate ; p p, face plate fastened to 11 by bolts b b ; s s, studs for lathe con¬ 
nection ; ff, fingers ; cc, pressure cone : n n. axial nut ; a a, cone guide ; h, handle on 
face ; T, finishing tool ; rr, packing ring to be turned. 


TO OPEBATE. 


When the mandrel is securely fastened to the lathe, the nut n n is loosened, and three 
or four (more if required) of the fingers are set in with the hand, the ring is slipped over 
the ends of the fingers and the nut n n tightened moderately. 


The lathe is then set going and a small block of wood is held against the tool rest 
and forced against one side of the ring (while running.) 

In four or five revolutions the ring will run “true.” The lathe is then stopped and 
the nut n n tightened securely. The tool rest is then brought up to its work, and the 
lathe set going. 

The rings are cast separately from polished cast-iron patterns, and lett rough on 
inside. 


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WMWM'atM&MRW IDSIDUlllLS 


Admit 


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Secretary. 


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To the . Church in 


SENDE TU GREE TING • 


Brethren .- 

The Rev. Henry D. Moore has resigned his office as Pastor of this 
Church, and we have # accepted his resignation, and the Rev. Edward 
Woolsey Bacon, after three months of service with us in the ministry, 
has been invited by us to become our Pastor and has accepted the invitation. 


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Therefore, you are affectionately invited to meet us in Council, by your 
Pastor or Acting Pastor and delegate, to express the mind of the Churches 
upon the dismissal of the Rev. Henry I). Moore, and to examine and. if 
found expedient, to assist us in the installation of the Rev. Edward \V. 

Bacon. 

The Council will assemble in our Meeting House on Thursday, the 28th , 

of October, 1875, at 10 o'clock in the morning, and Public Worship with 
the solemnities of Installation is appointed for the evening at 7 1 o'clock. 

Grace, mercy and peace be multiplied unto you. 

RICHMOND WOLCOTT. 

CHARLES 1). HARVEY. 

ERA ST US N. BATES. 

WILLIAM F. SMITH. 

FRANK W. TRACY, 





Joint Committee of the Church and Society. 

S^ 


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Springfield, Illinois, 
October. 15, 1S75. 





















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UREKA JLlTERARY jyOGIAL jyOCIETY, 


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Springfield, Illinois. Harmonia Hall. 


Per Committee. 


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SOUP. 

Chicken. Vermicelli. 

/1 SI I. 

Trout. White Fish. Salmon. 

RELISHES. 

Mustard. Celery. Cold Slaw. 

ROAST. 

Pork. Veal. Mutton. Chicken. Turkey. 

E\TRIES. 

Saddle of Mutton, Caper Sauce. Apple Fritters, Wine Sauce. 
Fillets of Veal with Mushrooms. Ovster Patties. 

VEGETABLES. 

Potatoes. Cabbage. Asparagus. Green Corn. 

Tomatoes. Parsnips. 

PASTRY, 

Lemon Pie. Cranberry Pie. Jelly Roll White Cake. 

Vanilla Ice Cream. 


COFFER AND TEA. 


V 


28 










































Specimens of Job Printing, 



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TO-NIGHT' 

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COLLINS 


“Teler Hygley, ” 


THE DUTCH EECSUIT. 



29 







































































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f^cception illrotnetjaile $mctrt 

THANKSGIVING EVENING. 


Adrr.it 





and Lady. 

Lieut, and See’y. 









































































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Tne laiional Lincoln Monument A seed alien leas 
to render you a meet cordial Invitation to be yr event and 
yard eiyaie :n ine * Ceremonies connected with the unveilzna 

t. 

^ :,:j Statue upon the Monument erected in memory of 

«- t 

Abrahdnt IAflCOi/n* which will take place at the Citu of 
Syrinafield, on Thursday, the 15th (lay of October, 18 Yd- 


JOHN M. PALMER, 

Chairman Committee Arrangements. 



31 












































































































































COMPLIMENTS OF THE SEASON. 


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-- 

PROGRAMME. 



i. Grand March. 

2 . Waltz. 

3. Quadrille 
4. Schottische. 

5. Polka. 

6. I.anciers. 

7. Polka Mazourka. 

S. Highland Schottische. 

9. Prairie Queen Quadrille. 
10. Polans. 

11. Quadrille. 

12. Waltz. 

13. Yarsovienne. 

14. Quadrillle, Horse Guard. 
15. Quadrille, Waltz-Lanciers. 
16. Polka. 







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k Capital City Bf^ass i String Bahd, 


Thursday Evening, June 24th, 187 S. 





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TICKETS, 


FIFTY CEUTS. 



33 
































































































Grand Promenade. 
Quadrille. 

Sehottische. 

Quadrille, Lancieis. 
Polka. 

Quadrille, Caledonia. 

Waltz. 

Quadrille, Horse Guards. 
Highland Sehottische. 
Quadrille. 

Waltz, Ladies’ Choice. 
Quadrille. 

Polka, 

INTERMISSION. 



14. Quadrille, Lanciers. 

15. Quadrille. 

16. Varsouvienne. 

17. Quadrille, Cheat. 

18. Danish Polka. 


19. Virginia Reel. 

11 

20. Quadrille. 


21. Waltz. 

22. Quadrille. 

23. Esmeralda and Polans. 

24. Quadrille. 

25. Sehottische. 

26. Dan Tucker. 

Home, Sweet Home. 







































































































































































































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WITHIN AND FOP( THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS. 


IN EQUI T Y 


JAMES H. FOY and LAVINIA H. FOY, 

vs. 

ALEXANDER M. HUNTER. 


Hearing on Motion for Preliminary Injunction. 


COMPLAIN ANTS’ BRIEF. 



The complainants in their Bill of Complaint, allege that 
the Defendant, Alexander M. Hunter by manufacturing 
and selling Corset Skirt Supporters, or causing the same 
to be manufactured and sold, has heretofore and is now 
infringing each and all of the several Letters Patents, 
set up in their said Bill of Complaint, namely : the origi¬ 
nal Letters Patents, Nos. 22,532, (extended) 39,910, 45,290, 
and Re-issue Patents Nos. 2,654 and 4,831, each of which 
Patents the Complainants now own, by proper assignments 
duly recorded. 

4 / 

The Nature of the Improvements Described in and 

SECURED BY THE COMPLAINANTS’ SAID PATENTS. 

Eirst.— The Letters Patent, No. 22,532, granted to Da- 
mase Lamoureux assignor to Douglas and Sherwood, Jan¬ 
uary 4th, 1859, for the term of 14 years, thereafter, and 


40 

























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SEcr et,\ry’s ofF iC ^’ 


SPRINGFIELD 


Fair at Ottawa, Sept. 13 , IS 73 . 


D. B. Gilliiam, Pkes., Alton. 

S. D. Fisher, Sec., Springfield. 

J. AY. BuNN, Treas., Springfield 


> *-<M ' - * -> *1 — 

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i Return if not called for in jo days 

STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE, 



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43 




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And We’ll Go and See 

























































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Southeast Corner Square, 


SFKINGFIELD, - ILLINOIS. 



43 






































































































































Specimens of Job (Printing. 






'zyy^'c 



S<?f 


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programme. 




1. Grand March 


2. Quadrille .. 

. 1st Inning. 

3- Waltz. 


4. Quadrille 

Lanciers. 

5. Schottische. 

Clark's Choice. 

6. Quadrille. 


7 Varsouvienne 

Fuit! Tip . 

8. Caledonian Quadrille 

9. Polka. 


jo Quadrille.. 

Two Base Hit. 

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12. Lanciers 

. Out on the Fly. 


13. Gallop. Forced Out. 

INTERMISSION. 


programme. 

—-4-«>-e— 

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15. Waltz . Ladies Choice. 

16. Prairie Queen. . . 

17. Sicilian Circle White's Choice. 

18.. Highland Schottische . 

19. Polka Quadrille. Out at First. 

20. Gallop. . 

21. Quadrille. 

22. Redowa .. Take Four Time. 

23. Quadrille Medley. 

24. Grand Walk Around Side Out. 

25. Nin Pins. . 

26. Virginia Reel. 

HOME RUN. 


47 




















































































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OPERA HOUSE ! 
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Corner 6th & Adams, Opp. State House , 


















































































































































































































Specimens of Joe (Printing. 


NfowiTZKY’s Book, 

/ 


THE 



ENTUREF 


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UPON THE — 


Street, Stage i Platform. 


jBy jD apt. George J. Nowitzky, 

zz. zs. z-r. 

(Street Men's Organization.) 


SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 

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E. S. JOHNSON, Comfit. J. F. McNEILL, Lt. d~ Sec'y. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: 

W. D. RICHARDSON, President. • 

CHRIS. WOLF. J. H. BARKLEY, 

GEO. H. PEABODY, S. P. TOWNSEND, 

C. V. IIICKOX, Secretary. 


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ON THIS FATAL NIGHT, 

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There is to be a moral discourse delivered before the Illinois Press Association, 
bv E. F. Baldwin, alias “Snooks," upon the subject : 
“COUNTRY EDITORS.” 

The object of this effort is to try and boost the average country editor aforesaid, 

into a higher moral plane. 

You are specially invited to take your family and be present. Show this 

card at the door. 

Jg^The discourse will be free. No collection will be taken up. 
Services will take place at the Representative Hall, in the Capitol Building, 
commencing at 7 and one-half o’clock. 


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Floor Managers. 

Capt. C. Rourke, Lt. C. E. M’Dougall 
L. F. Gramliih, T. F. Lani ng, 
G. W. Morris, J. Cabanis, 

A. Thompson, Sergt. J. H. Carman. 


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ELI PERKINS’ [at large.] 




^LZDZMU'Z’ 2 (2) HTH ABIT AlTTS-to-wit: 
HEj^THEU 02ME NTsEIE^EI]. 


To hear Eli the Heathen Deaf-encler in the Hall of the Illi¬ 
nois House of Reprehensibles, West end of the State House, 
Febuary 11, A. D. 1873. ( Present< this Pasteboard to the 
Heathen at the Door. 

COMPLIMENTARY 



CONSIDER PERKINS. 


©Li FEB.HIITS. 


























































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vecimem of Job (Printing. 


To the Railroad Agent at 


Dear Sir: 

Please distribute this package of Bills to the 
best advantage; and as soon as possible. By so doing 
you will oblige OLD JOHN ROBINSON, and 
also benefit the Railroad Company by which you are 
employed. 

The Large Bills tack or paste up in conspicuous places 
inside and outside the depot. Hang some in the win¬ 
dows of Stores, in the Post Office, fyc. Also distribute 
the small Bills very promptly. 

Present this at the door as a complimentary ticket 
for yourself and lady. 

Yours Respectfully, 

John Robinson. 

Your prompt and careful attention will be appre¬ 
ciated. 

JOHN J. FOSTER. 

Gen'l Sup't of Excursions. 



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OLD JOHN ROBINSON'S 

GREAT WORLD’S 

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Admit Gentleman and Lady. 


69 


























































Chief , CHARLEY CULLOM. 

RED ROSETTE. 

JAS. SULLIVAN. PAUL FLYNN. 
PAT. K. SHERIDAN. P. CI.ONEY. 
RICHARD FOLEY. 


BLUE ROSETTE. 

T. KENNEDY. WM. WELDON. 

JOHN CLEAR. 






/T Pf\0F. FEP ( 0’S AC/DEMY, 


' FRIDAY EYE., OCTOBER 29 


7 T'-w./y 

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SOCIETY OF TH E 



ATOPERA HOUSE, 

03S7 



SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. 






















MIIHIMIHimiMHIHMHIiMIMIHMIUlIHUIHUUMItMlUIMM 



Specimens of Job (Printing . 







- 


1. EEVEILLE. 


2. Prayer, - Chaplain J. L. Crane 

3. See the Conquering Hero Comes, - Chorus 

4 . Welcoming Address, - - Hon. S. M. Cullom 

5. Music by the St. Louis Arsenal Band.— 

Angel of Peace, Chorus 

6 . Address to the Society, - Gen. W. T. Sherman 


7. St. Louis Arsenal Band.— 

Sherman’s March to the Sea, 

8. Oration, 


Chorus 
Gen. S. A. Hurlbut 


9- 

Music by St. Louis Arsenal 

Band.— 


Marching through Georgia, 

Chorus 

10. 

Poem, .... 

Gen. John Tillson 

11. 

Star Spangled Banner, 

Chorus 

12. 

Retreat. 


J 3- 

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72 


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C^STLE___H4^^ 



Springfield, Illinois, October 5th, 1874• 


To the C. C.; Officers $ Mem bers 


Lodge No. Illinois. 

Tl,e " NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT ASSOCIATION" have extended, 
through the newspapers of the country, a general invitation, to oar 
Order, with others, to participate in the ceremonies of the unveiling 
of the " National Lincoln Monument" in this city, on Thursday, October 
15th. In the Invitation they request Societies to report at an early 
day to their Committee. Up to this day, we are informed, no report 
has been received from either the Supreme or Grand\ Heads of our 
Order. At this late date, it will be impossible for our Lodge to extend 
an invitation to any number of Lodges and make satisfactory 
arrangements for their entertainment. However, our “ CASTLE 
HALL” will be open on that day as a general rendezvous, where 
we will be pleased to welcome Brother Knights, who nun/ honor us 
with a visit. Our Lodge will turn out in the procession in full uni¬ 
form. If any number of your members intend being here to take 
part in the ceremonies, please notify us at once that we may have a 
proper place assigned to you in the procession. 

•A. E. HENKLE, C. C. 

G. S. DANA, If. of R. $ S. 


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j^ITERARY ^ jyQGIAL SOCIETY” 


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Sun day Evening, Jdoveivdeer yth, 18 y 

-A. T OUE HALL. 

ITOKTH SIXTH STEEET. 







































































































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Xv£-crsic :b^t tbbie b^.itd. 

Playing on Scotch Hay Pipe, By Win. McLean. 

Cpeniny Address, by the Chairman, James II. Matheny. 

Sony, By Messrs Wilson, Pender, McGeachin and others. 
Oration, by lion. Georye A. Sanders. 

Sony, by D. I). James. 

Recitation by Thomas Knox. 

Sony by Messrs McGeachin, Wilson and others. 
Music by the Band. 


S XJ P P E E . 


Response to First Toast, by George Sangster, Esq 
Sony, by John Henderson. 

Response to Second Toast, bv Hon. S. M. Cullom. 

Sony, by D. D. James. 

Response to Third Toast by Gov. J. L. Beveridye. 
Song, by Thomas Knox. 

Response to Fourth Toast, by lion. Chas. E. Hay. 

Song, by Messrs Pender, Wilson and others. 

Response to Fifth Toast, by Charles Kane, Esq. 

Sony, by John Henderson. 

Recitation, by John Harrison. 

Sony, “ Auld Lang Syne,” by all present. 


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I3^TT7-ia:^TI03ST COMMITTEE : 

Or//. E. S. JOHNSON. Lieut. JAMES E. HI EL. Lieut.}.]. BRINK RRHOKF, 

Privt. G. W. CHATTERTON, Jr. Pnvt. WILLIAM T. LEWIS. 


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Friday Evening, May 21, mrs. 



SUPPER WILL BE SERVED AT NINE O’CLOCK. 



COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS : 


A. Orendorff. 


Wm. Ridgely. 


C 


F. K. Whittemork. 


E. L. Merritt. 


has. Edwards. 




82 





























Tea.cii.er of 


'ARLOR ^ K ANGY I RANGING 


SWIM M XTJ'H IBS _L P, 


Z$yZ//i 'S/tu/y/Z and ^fi/ZZtt/z/e S/Zuye. 



Jimmie Pourley. 


Frank y/iLSON 


^James p. Pulp. 


pRANK pERG. 













































Specimens of Joe (Printing. 






THE NATIONAL CENTENNIAL.” 



SOLD =B"Z" SIH^E^TOLTS, STATIONEB. 



84 























































































































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COMMITTEE OtF’ IIST^X'r^.TIOiT- 


7V/O.S DOW HIE. y AS. 11. MATH END. GEO. McCVTCIl EON. J NO. HA IiR ISON. J.H.C. IRWIN. 





















* 



OPERA HOUSE. 

FURBISH’S 

FIFTH 

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Theatre Combination 


This Evening, will be 
presented 

DIVORCE! 

Adriance, G. Boniface 
Capt Lynde, B.Porter 
Duncan,.. M.B.Snyder 
DeWitt .. C. Loveday 

T. Jitt,.S.E.Uyan 

Burriti.. .G.VV. Farren 

Pam.F Sanger 

Kemp.I.L Street 

Dr.Lang,.T.A.Bowers 

•Tint,.G. .lolmson 

Richard.J. Lant 

Miss F. Ten Eyck. 

. .Georgie Bangley 

Mrs. i enRyck. 

.Mrs.Grattan 

Miss 1.. I'enEyck. 

....Dolly Pike 
Grace ... Gassie Troy 
Flora... Rosa Graham 
Mrs Kemp .L.Madern 
' itty.. ..Mary Willis 

M-iiy.v. Plunkett 

Alfred.M. Madern 


MARTINO speiitg-hele opesa hottse 

Tlie Great 


MAGICIAN! 


j CHARLEY FORBES 
Manager. 


ONE NIGHT ONLY ! _ — __ 

FRIDAY JAN 



Correspondent .Y. ) . Mercury 


Springfield, Illinois. 


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OPERA HOUSE ! 

One Night Only 
Monday. March 2<!d. 

HAVERLY’S 



J.H.Haverly, - Prop. 
II. J Claphani, Man’r. 

Still Another Visit to 
our Circuit of 
r-uecess. 

Our List of Stars: 

hht,&barlow 

The Aged Darkey. 

GEO. WILSON 

Comedian. 

D. L. MORRIS 

i The Black Dutchman 


PRIMROSE & WEST ! 

The 3 Biilliants. 

EDWIN FRENCH 

Master Banjoist. 

“California Quartette” 

Wel lines* Dixon . 


or Kit A IIOISK 


H.K.Abbey. Manag’r 
.1. Rickaby, • Agent 

Appearance of 

LOTT A 

In the I’lav of 

ZIPI 

Supported bv 

E. A. LOCKE! 

Ami (lie following 
Caste ; 

ZIP,- LOTTA 

mioeophy Jack, Locke 
C. Elmore,..F. Evans 
W Elkton, J. Carhart 
A Weltomot .11 Ellis 
.1 Galetti. F. Forester 

Plielps_W.II.Boner 

M.Elkton. 

.Mrs. Carhart 

F. Elkton. A Proctor 

A.Lovlace,. 

Estelle Mortimer 
Judith, MissJacksou 
Nina. ...Miss Wooks 

Act I.—“Port Lynde 
Lighthouse.” 

Act II.—“The Elkton 
Grange.” 

Act III. — D rawing. 

room at Elkton 
Act IV.—London. 



• Opera House 


: Mrs. Jas. A. 

\ OATES 

: And English 
: Comic Opera Co. 
j In Offenbach's 
Opera 

j Grand Duchess 

: Of Gerolstein 


TO PROFESSIONALS. 


The following items, of interest to Showmen, 
are furnished for the purpose of aiding members 
ot the Profession, unacquainted in Springfield. 

Population. iiO.OOO. A Good show town. Opera 
House, seating capacity, 1000, Rent. $50 per night 
or $200 per week. 

Hot'Is—St. Nicholas and Leland. 

Reserved Seats sold at Chatterton’s. Jewelers. 

Daily Papers—Morning Journal. Show Printing 
House, Evening Register. 

Bill Posters-Jones & Co., owns all the boards. 


OPERA HOUSEj 
To-Night : 

Only appearance: 
in this City, of : 
EDWIN | 

BOOTH! 

In liis Great Per-: 
sonation of the : 

CAItDINALn 

In Bulwer's : 

RICHELIEU] 



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OPERA HOUSE! 

C. D. Hess & M. Gran, 

Directors. 

One Night Only oi 
GRAND OPERA 
In English, by Un¬ 
celebrated 

KELLOGG 

TEOTTPE 

Presenting the Great 
American Prima 
Donna 

Miss Clara Louise 

KELLOGG! 

In "Balfe’s 

Bohemian Girl! 

Miss Kellogg as Arline 
Queen,...Mrs. Seguin 
I haddens. W.Morgan 
Count—W.Carieton 
Florestei , ...W.Tilla 
Devilshoof, E Seguin 
Buda.. .Mrs.Gonzales 
Captain,.G. Neal 

F. Ilowson, Director 


Full Chorus and 
A Grand Orchestra ! 
in all 68 People. 

J. F. ZIMMERMAN 
Business Agent. ' 


















































































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86 


























































































MPOSITION OF KORMS. 


ROM Mr. Geo. H. Bidwell's “ Treatise on the Imposition of Forms ,"—a very valuable 
book, by the way—the subject of Imposing Book Pages is most fully treated of, and from its 
pages we take the liberty of extracting the following very excellent instructions, which are 
simple throughout, and very clearly written. The diagrams of forms embrace all the different 
kind of forms, in common use in any office. 

A knowledge of the Imposition of Forms is an essential, if not an indispensable element in the 
education of every person wffio works at the printing business. It is, indeed, a necessity in every book 
and job printing office ; and even to some extent, at least, where only an occasional pamphlet is printed. 

Without this knowledge, whatever the journeyman’s skill or other attainments, he cannot be 
considered a thorough master of his business ; and though he may excel in some specialty, there will be 
this important branch in which his deficiency may be a bar to the advancement which his capabilities 
would otherwise gain for him. 

Before the invention of stereotyping, the imposition of forms belonged exclusively to the composing 
room ; and it was incumbent on the compositor that he should be able to take his turn in imposing and 
sending forms to press. But since the general introduction of the stereotyping process, this duty has 
been divided between the compositor and pressman ; and though much neglected of late years by com¬ 
positors, a knowledge of this subject is equally essential to the finished workman in either department. 

, In order to attain a good knowledge of the imposition of forms, the learner should know something 
of the subsequent process; that is, of the manner of turning the sheet on the press, and of folding the 
sheet after it is printed ; and to the younger portion of our readers, especially, an explanation of the few 
technical terms which will be used, may be necessary. 

EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 

First is the page, the four sides of which we denominate the Head, Foot, Front and Back. The head 
is that part which stands at the top of the leaf in the printed book ; the foot at the bottom ; the front at 
the outside, either on the right or left as the book lays open; and the back at the inside or between the two 
pages. Pages are also said to back when printed on both sides of the sheet. The front of the odd pages, 
as they lay in the form, is on your left hand, and of the even pages, on your right hand, standing at their 
foot—reversed, of course, from what they appear on the printed sheet or in the book. The back is on the 
opposite side of each page from the front. The folio, or number of the page, when a running title is 
used, is placed on the outside or front of each page. 


The chase is the oblong iron frame in which the pages are secured for printing. It has two bars 
dove-tailed into the frame in the center each way and crossing each other at right angles, which are called 
the long cross and the short cross. 




87 











































IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 


The margin is the space put between the pages in the form, so as to bring each page in the right 
position on the leaf of the printed book. 

The section is the term applied to the sheet, or so much of it as is folded up together and taken in 
at one stitch by the binder. If you dissect a bound volume, you will find it made up of a number of 
sections consisting of leaves laid one within the other, each section being sewed through the back and 
fastened to cords which run across the back and secure the cover. Each leaf of the section contains four 
pages, two odd and two even, one of each on each side. The section may be made of as many leaves as 
you like, but they usually consist of from two to six, according to the number of pages you desire to 
print at a time. More than six leaves in a section, except for pamphlets of a single section, makes a 
clumsy job for the binder, and renders him unable to bind the book neatly and substantially. 

The inset, or sub-section, is that portion of a sheet containing the middle pages of the section, and 
which is cut oft' and folded up separately, but placed within the center of the main section in binding. 
The inset is necessary in forms which have an odd number of pages in one direction, as will be explained 
hereafter. 

Register. The form registers when the pages printed on one side of the sheet are exactly on the 
back of those on the other. 

The signature is-the figure placed at the foot of the first page of each form, section, or sub-section, as 
a guide to the binder. The letters of the alphabet were formerly used for signatures ; but now they are 
seldom used, except in works designed to be printed in different forms, as Svo and nmo. Then double 
signatures are required, and letters are used for one set. 

The running title is the line placed at the head of each page, denoting either the title of the book, 
the subject of the chapter, or the subject matter of the page. 

LAYING THE PAGES OF SIMPLE FORMS. 

The object sought in all impositions is to so arrange the pages that they will come in regular consec¬ 
utive order when the sheet is folded, and the proper pages face and back each other in the bound book. 
The pages that back are the odd and even consecutively, as i, 2 ; 3, 4 ; 5, 6 ; etc. Those that must face 
each other in the book are the even and odd consecutively, as 2, 3 ; 4, 5 ; 6, 7 ; etc. The pages are backed 
by turning the sheet after it is printed on one side, and printing it on the other side. They are faced by 
the process of folding the sheet after it is printed. 

IMPOSITION OF FOLIO FORMS. 

To print a work in folios, the first and fourth pages are in one form, printed on one side of the sheet, 
and the second and third pages in the other form, printed to back the first, The pages stand in the forms 
with the odd pages of each form on your left and the even pages on your right, standing at their foot. 
The sheet turns crosswise of the pages. 

THE CORRESPONDING POSITION. 

An interesting feature in the imposition of forms is the mathematical relation existing between large 
and small forms, which may be illustrated by building up one form from another, upon what is termed 
the corresponding position. This is shown by a printed sheet of any given form laid by the side of the 
form. 

The mathematical principal governing the case is this : In doubling the number of pages in any 
form, the even folios of the form are doubled less one; the first page consequently being in the same 
place in either form In the correspondent, or in the pages occupying corresponding positions to those 
of the form, the odd folios are doubled, and the even folios doubled less one. 

This principle applies to any two forms, one of which contains double the number of pages of the 
other ; and a transposition ot the smaller form invariably produces a like transposition of the larger. 

THE FIRST PAGE.-THE STARTING POINT. 

The starting point in all impositions which are called regular, is to lay the first page on the corner 
at your left hand, with the foot of the page towards you. The first page of every form being necessarily 
an odd page, you will have the front of the page on your left, and the back of it on your right hand. 

THE INVARIABLE RESULT. 

The invariable result in all forms of a single section, or in all sections, of whatever number of pages 
the form or section may consist ; when completed, is, that the last page stands by the side of the first; 
back to back and heads on a line ; the second and next to the last in the same position ; the third and 
third from the last ; and so on, advancing one from the first folio and receding one from the last, until 
you come to the two middle pages, which are in the 4 to the 2d and 3d ; in the Svo, the 4th and 5th ; in 
the nmo, the 6th and 7th ; in the i6mo, the 8th and 9th ; in the 24mo, the 12th and 13th ; and so on. 
The knowledge of this fact enables you to complete any form after one half of the pages are laid down. 





































IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 



THE SECOND PAGE.-TURNING THE SHEET. 

Having got the starting point, the next step is to ascertain where to place the second page, so that 
when the sheet is turned it will back the first. In order to place the second page, you must know how 
the sheet is to be turned ; and here it may be necessary to remark, that the paper being longer one way 
than the other, it is almost invariably the rule to turn it in the direction of its length, because in most 
forms this makes a more convenient form for the binder in folding, and the sheet is registered with greater 
facility on the press, particularly on the hand press. Besides, turning the sheet uniformly the same way 
is a convenience to the pressman, who is never in such a case at a loss to know how to turn it. 

The umo is an exception to this rule, and must necessarily be turned in the direction of the width of 
the sheet and of the pages, because in the direction of their length there are only three pages ; and if 
turned in that way, the middle row of pages would not only back themselves, but would back head to 
foot on opposite sides of the sheet. 

RULES FOR LAYING PAGES THAT BACK EACH OTHER. 

When the sheet turns in the direction of the length of the pages, as in the i6mo, the pages that back 
each other must be placed in exactly corresponding positions on opposite sides of the bar, head to head 
or foot to foot. 

When the sheet turns in the direction of the width of the pages, as in the 8vo, those that back must 
be placed in exactly corresponding positions on opposite sides of the bar, heads on a line. 

What is meant by corresponding positions in the imposition of forms, is, that the pages shall be at 
the same distance from, and on opposite sides of, the bar, or center of the sheet, in a right line. Thus, 
one page being at the extreme end or side of a form, another, to be in a corresponding position, must be 
at the opposite extreme end or side. The corresponding position is shown by a printed sheet of the same 
number of pages laid by the side of the form. 

These rules enable us to place the second page in any form whatever, and to lay any even numbered 
page after the odd numbered page which immediately precedes it is down. In the i6mo or 4to, for 
instance, the sheet turning in the direction of the length of the pages, and the first page being laid at the 
left hand lower corner, with the foot towards you, the second page, backing the first, must necessarily be 
placed at the left hand upper corner, with the head toward you. In the 8vo or 4to, the sheet turning in 
the direction of the width of the pages, the second page, in order to back the first, must be placed on the 
right hand lower corner, the head on a line with the first page. In either of these cases, the4to may now 
be completed bv placing 3 by the side of 2, and 4 by the side of 1, backs together. 

RULES FOR FOLDING A SHEET. 

When there is but one fold in a sheet or section, that fold must be through the back. This is the 4to, 
or section of one leaf. 

When there are two folds, the first is between the ht ads, and the second through the back. This is 
the 8vo, or section of two leaves. 

When there are three folds, the first is at the front, (in the i6mo at the long cross, or in the full sheet 
Svo at the short cross, of the inner form,) the second between the heads, and the third through the back. 
This is the i6mo, or section of four leaves. 

When there are four folds, the first is at the foot, (in the 32mo at the long cross, or in the full sheet 
i6mo at the short cross, of the inner form,) the second at the front, the third between the heads, and the 
fourth through the back. This is the 321110, or section of eight leaves, 

Thus you perceive that the addition of another fold to the sheet or section does not change the order 
or position of the succeeding folds, the last always being through the back, the next to the last between 
the heads, and so on. 

THE THII^D PAGE.-FOLDING THE SHEET. 

The first and second pages, which back each other, being disposed of, we must place the third so that 
when the sheet is folded it will face the second ; and here, "before we can proceed any further, we must 
understand the process of folding. To illustrate this, let us take the i6mo ; tho’ what is said on this 
point applies equally well to all simple forms. You will notice that when the sheet is turned, the lower 
or outer half is printed on the back of the upper or inner half, and vice versa. After the sheet is printed 
on both sides it ts cut in two transversely to the direction in which it is turned ; that is, if it is turned in 
the direction of the long cross, it must be cut at the short cross, and vice versa: and you have a duplicate 
of the form, or all the pages in the form on each half sheet. 

The outer half of a form or section is the half which contains the first or signature page ; and the 
inner half that which contains the second page. When the sheet is laid on the table ready for folding, 
the outer half is on the under side, with the signature at the left hand, and of course the inner half is on 
the upper side, all the pages of which will be faced by the first fold ; all the remaining folds, be they more 
or less, being required to face the pages of the outer half. 


89 





























IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 




THE FOURTH PAGE.—THE SVO COMPLETED. 

Page 4, backing the third, must be placed in an exactly corresponding position on the opposite side 
of the bar ; head to head in the i6mo, and head on a line with 3 in the Svo, sheet in these forms turning 
in different relations with respect to the length or width of the pages. This enables you to complete the 
Svo, applying the rule already stated at the starting point by placing 5 by the side of 4 ; 6 bv the side ot 
3 ; 7 by the side of 2 ; and S by the side of 1, backs together. 

THE FIFTH PAGE.-THE SECOND FOLD. 


We have now the four corners of the form of 16s filled. Page 4, backing 3, and being on the outer 
or under side of the sheet as it lies on the folder’s table, the first fold brings it to the upper side ; and as 4 
(being one-fourth of the whole number in the form) must be faced by tl e second fold in a form having 
three folds, which is the case with the i6mo, and as the second fold must be between the heads in order 
to face 4 and 5, you must place 5 head to head with 4. 

, THE SIXTH PAGE, 

Backing 5, must be on the opposite side of the bar ; and as the foot of 5 is toward the bar, the foot of 6 
must also be toward the bar, which will bring it head to head with 3. 

THE SEVENTH PAGE. 

Page 6 being head to head with 3, and being in the inner half of the form, and embraced in the same 
fold (through the long cross) which faces 2 and 3. 7, in order to face 6, must be placed in the same 
relative position to 2 that 6 is to 3 ; that is, head to head. 

THE EIGHTH PAGE. - THE SvO COMPLETED. 

The eighth page, backing 7, must be placed on the opposite side of the bar, foot to foot with 7, which 
brings it head to head with 1. Applying the same rule as in the completion of the Svo, the form of 16s 
may now be filled up by placing 9 at the side of 8 ; 10 at the side of 7 ; 11 at the side of 6 ; 12 at the side 
of 5 ; 13 at the side of 4 ; 14 at the side of 3 ; 15 at the side of 2 ; and 16 at the side of 1, backs together. 

Mere you have, by examining the diagram, an illustration of the fundamental rule which applies in 
every form or in every section, whatever number of pages the form or section may contain , the first and 
last pages standing side by side, backs together ; the second and next to the last, and so on. The law 
in relation to the position of the pages, you cannot impress upon your mind too firmly ; because, though 
you may vary the imposition in other respects to suit the exigencies of the case this is incompromising, 
and, unless vour form is obedient to it, it must be wrong. 

THE FORM OF I2S. 

This form is an exceptional one, and has usually been considered as belonging to a mongrel race. 
In some respects it is peculiar, yet in its imposition it is subject to the same general laws, which govern 
other impositions. Having an odd number of pages in one direction, the application of those laws must 
be varied in some particulars to meet this peculiarity, which gives rise to the necessity of an inset. 

PECULIARITIES OF THE I2MO 

The first variation from the construction of other forms, is the removal of the short cross from the 
center of the chase to a position about one-third the distance toward one end, leaving about two-thirds 
the length of the chase on one side of it, the long cross remaining in the center. Though when the sheet 
is folded up ready for insertion in the book, it contains but one section ; yet, in the process of folding 
that section sub-div ided and folded in two parts, which are placed one within the other to make the 
section complete. The main portion of the section, consisting of eight pages, occupies the larger division 
of the chase on one side of the short cross, and the inset or sub-section, the smaller division on the other. 

The next variation is the necessity of turning the sheet in the direction of its width. Any simple 
form above the 4to may be imposed so that the sheet will turn and back correctly either way, though, as 
already stated, it is usual for convenience to turn it in the direction of its length. 

The third and last variation is, that although when the form is completed the pages that face and back 
each other in each sub-division of the section, when folded up separatelv, occupy precisely the same 
relative positions as in simple forms, the pages do not follow in the imposition in consecutive order as in 
those forms. The inset occupying the middle place in the complete section, and being cut off from the 
main section after the sheet is printed, and folded up separately, in imposing the form we must omit from 
the middle of the main section as many pages as are contained in the inset or sub-section, and lay the 
omitted pages in the smaller division of the chase, substituting in their place pages whose folios are 
increased by the number of which the inset consists, which in this form would be four. 


THE MARGIN OF THE FORM. 



In making up the margin of the/form, the first step is, before removing the strings, to place the pages 
as nearly in their proper positions in the chase as possible. Take a sheet of the paper, or of the size of 
the paper on which the form is to be printed, fold at the short cross, and measure from the in: ide or foot 

90 



I 



















of the outside page on the opposite side of that cross ; the distance between these points should be just 
one-half the length of the sheet. Then fold the sheet again in the opposite direction, and apply the same 
process to the inside and outside pages on the opposite sides of the long cross; the distance between these 
points should be just one-half the width of the sheet. In the i8mo form or 36s, the sheet should be folded 
into one-third instead of half its width, taking the measurement from the front of the outside page 
to the front of the second page from it, so as to include one front and one back margin. If the 
measurement is made from the page at the long cross to the outside of the form, it will include one front 
and two back margins, and the proper proportions between the two will not be maintained. Then adjust 
the pages of one quarter of the form so that the head and back margin will be equal, and the front and 
foot margin equal, but rather more than the head and back margin. It is impossible to give any precise 
rules which will apply to all forms. Much depends upon fixing the size of the page to suit the paper 
before the pages come into the form. But in ordinary forms, say Svo or i2mo, with the usual margin, 
the difference between the head and foot margin should be about three-eighths of an inch ; and the 
same difference between the front and back margin. This proportion should be increased or decreased 
as the amount of margin in the book is increased or decreased. This would place the page in the printed 
book a little nearer the head than the foot, and a little nearer the back than the front. The furniture may 
now be adjusted around the pages of this quarter and the strings removed ; and if found, upon measure¬ 
ment again as before, to be correct, the same furniture may be placed around the pages of the other quarters. 
Since the introduction of metal furniture, the process of making margin is much simplified and facilitated 
by the ready adjustment of the different sized pieces. It is quite as well, and even more convenient after 
a little practice, to use a measuring rule instead of the sheet of paper, in adjusting the margin of forms. 

REGISTERING THE FORM. 

Having adjusted the margin of the form, and got it ready to lock up for press, it is the business of 
the one who sends it to press to see that it is properlv registered ; that is, that the pages are in a position 
in the form, that when the sheet is printed on both sides each sheet will back its proper page perfectly. 
This is not a difficult process where the compositor and maker-up have done their duty. It consists 
simply of careful locking up. But where you have, as sometimes happens, careless compositors on the 
work, the one who undertakes to send a form to press should be more than ordinarily careful. 

A very small thing sometimes throws a form out of register, and destroys the beauty of the printed 
pages. As, for sample, spaces of a larger size than the type used ; leads of unequal thickness ; letters 
slipping by the leads at the ends of the lines ; lines spaced too tightly ; the omission or addition of a 
lead at the foot of a page ; or locking up one side of the form first. All these things are to be carefully 
looked after and guarded against. 

The register of the form is perfect when not only the heads and sides range exactly, but when the 
lines of the pages also range exactly. Works printed on large type and widely leaded, especially, are 
defective unless this result is attained. 

The composition of the pages may be perfect and yet not register on the press, unless the form is 
carefully and properly locked up. To lock the form properly, you should begin by starting gently the 
quoins next the bars all around, then those next to them, and so on, until you reach the lower quoins, so 
that all parts of the form will be subject to equal pressure in every direction. 

If one side or end of the form is locked tight before the other parts, the result will be that the bars 
will spring, the pages will be brought to their position in one direction and out of place in the other, and 
will consequently be all awry when the pressure is applied in the other direction. But, bv the mode 
suggested, the pressure is first applied at the angles of the cross-bars, equally from the sides and ends of 
the chase, and is gradually brought outward toward the corners until it reaches the extremities of the 
form. 



I 





















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OC'I'.A-'VO—Sheet turning- lengthwise of the Pages. OCTAVO—Sheet turning crosswise of the Pages. 

First 4 Pages in center. See figures in brackets. 



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IS 3n/£o.—S heet turning crosswise of'the Pages. First eight Pages in centre. See figures in brackets. 



92 





































































































IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 



1.2 —Sheet turning crosswise of the Pages. This style of imposition 

requires no cutting, and will save in large editions, in binding. 


—Sheet turning 
crosswise of the Pages. 



1.2 3>«<EO—Sheet turning crosswise of the Pages. Four Page Section to cut off. STX.I&-S2.TO—Sheet turning length¬ 

wise of the Pages. 




















































































IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 



OCTAVO—Eight Pages 
a line. 


2^3= —Sheet turning crosswise ol the Pages, without cutting. 


in 













































































IMPOSITION OF FORMS. 





Sisc Page Leaflet, 

First Page in center. 


2*i L/£©—Ordinary mode of Imposition. Eight Pages to cut oft, as an inset. 


95 






























































































































































































HE following recipes have all been thoroughly tested and their merits can be vouched for, 
each one having been selected and inserted herein for its worth, and not for the purpose of 
“ filling up.” Many of them have been sold by parties claiming them as their own productions, 
and often charging for single recipes more than the price of this volume. In many instances 
although the author has given credit to persons for their recipes where the author is known, and to those 
not credited, they have been inserted as “ public property.” 

Rollers. —No. i—F or Summer.—2 lbs. of Cooper’s Glue ; 2 lbs. Baeder’s Glue; 1 gallon best 
sugar house Molasses ; pint Glycerine. For Winter, reduce each Glue I4 to % of a pound. 

Directions —First soak the glues, wrapped up separately in woolen cloths, until the pieces bend 
easily without snapping, which will generally take from 2}^ to 3 hours. Boil the molasses for 45 or t;o 
minutes, and skim it thoroughly. Then put in the glues, drained of superfluous water. Boil the whole 
for 15 or 20 minutes. At last put in the glycerine; and after three to five minutes boiling and stirring, 
pour off. 

The above composition may be cut into small pieces from time to time, as rollers require renewal, 
and be remelted several times, adding a little good-bodied molasses each time. 

No. 2 — Strong Middle Weather Rollers.— S}4 lbs. Cooper’s best Glue ; 2 gallons best 
extra Syrup ; 1 pint Glycerine ; 2 ounces Venice Turpentine. 

Directions —Steep the glue in rain water until pliant and drain it well. Then melt it over a mod¬ 
erate fire, but do not “cook” it. This will take from 15 to 20 minutes. Next put in the syrup, and boil 
for about three fourths of an hour, stirring it occasionally, and removing any impurities that arise upon 
the top of the composition. Add the other ingredients a few minutes before removing the boiler from 
the fire, and pour slowly. 

N. B.—If the glycerine and turpentine are to be omitted, reduce the quantity of syrup one pint. 

The above makes excellent strong rollers for fast printing when the thermometer ranges from 6o° to 
70°. Slightly reduce or increase the glue as the weather becomes colder or warmer. 

No. 3— io 1 .! lbs. genuine Irish or Buffalo Glue; 2 % gallons Black Sugar House or best Maple 
Molasses; 1 lb. India Rubber gum shavings ; 2 ounces Carolina Tar; 12 ounces Glycerine ; 4 ounces 
strong Vinegar. 



97 



















































Directions —Soak the trine over night, and drain in the morning by means of a covered collendar. 
Boil molasses, and skim for 20 minutes. Add india rubber chips and stir until it combines with the 
molasses. Add glue, and boil for 40 minutes, occasionally stirring the mass. Put in tar and glycerine, 
boil 6 or 7 minutes and pour. 

This is the recipe for making the mysterious “ Black Composition,” so durable and elastic, and known 
but to very few persons until recently. If properly handled, it cannot be excelled, and contains every 
element required in a roller. Caution must be taken that only purified rubber gum is used. When this 
cannot be procured, add a pound and a half more glue, and 4 ounces more glycerine. 

No. 4—4^ lbs. White Shell or Bonnet Glue ; % gallon strained Wild Money ; 1 quart Sugar Mouse 
Molasses ; 2 ounces Burgundy Pitch. 

Directions —Soak glue 20 minutes, or until pliant, and drain, but keep from air. Boil honey and 
molasses % of an hour. Add glue and pitch boiling l « hour longer, stir the mass and skim well 
during process. 

A small quantity of this composition dropped on a board or iron plate will indicate when it is prop¬ 
erly cooked. A shorter or longer time than is given above for boiling, as may be found sufficient or 
necessary, will sometimes happen. This makes a clear and durable roller. 

In purchasing glue for roller making see that it is clear and bright in body and even in texture when 
held to the light. It should break short and only after considerable force is used. Spotted Glue should 
not be used. 

Roller Cores if made of wood should be covered with cord so that the composition will adhere well. 

In pouring rollers in cold weather have your molds warmed. 

Use pure sweet oil or melted butter and plumbago (such as is used by Electrotvpers ) tor greasing 
the roller moulds. 

When composition becomes tough from too much boiling, add a little raw molasses, or some strong 
tea leaf decoction, to make it pour well.— Ha rp el. 

“Riley’s Indispensable.” —No. 1 —For Fine Job Work—Dumar Varnish, 6 02.; Bergamot, 2 
drachms ; Balsam Copaiba, 2 drachms ; Balsam of Fir, 3 oz.; Creosote, 1 drachm ; Copal Varnish, 1 
drachm. 

To enough ink for 1,000 ordinary business cards, add from 8 to 12 drops of the “ Indispensable,” and 
to larger quantities, in proportion. 

When used for Bronze, Dry Colors, Diamond Printing, etc., take twice the quantity ; and where an 
extra quick dryer is desired, add a few drops of dissolved Gum Arabic to the ink, after it has been mixed 
with No. 1. In all cases, mix well with the ink before applying to the rollers. 

No. 2—For News and Poster Ink.—Spirits of Turpentine, 1 qt.; Balsam Copaiba, 6 oz. 

Add a sufficient quantity to the ink to thin it to a proper consistency for working. 

This compound is one of the best that can be used as a dryer, and to brighten colored inks and 
make them work free. 

Dryer —The most perfect, the cheapest and easiest applied dryer in the world is common powdered 
soapstone applied in the same way as bronze. It does not dim the lustre of the ink ; its effect is instan¬ 
taneous and its value will be appreciated on a single trial. On a job wanted immediately, or on one 
whose other side is to be printed at once, its value is inestimable. 

A Good Reducing Dryer —Brown’s ( genuine ) Japan. Use in small quantities. 

Hardening Gloss for Inks —Gum Arabic dissolved in Alcohol or a weak dilution of Oxalic 
Acid. Use in small quantities, and mix with the ink as the latter is consumed 

Printing Electrotypes with Red Ink —Solution of silver is used to cover copper-faced type 
or cuts with silver, when vermillion or red ink is to be used on them, as copper acts chemically on the 
color, and soon causes the color to become almost brown ; it also causes a deposit on the type ; but by 
using this solution, which can he done in a few minutes, it obviates all these difficulties, and it can be 



























Collection oT Vain able (Recipes. 

</ j. 


used to great advantage in printing with any kind of colored inks. The following is an excellent silver¬ 
ing solution for electrotype plates : Nitrate of Silver, 2 drachms; Distilled Water, 37 drachms. Dis¬ 
solve, and add Sal Ammoniac, 1 drachm ; Hydrophosphite of Soda, 4 drachms ; Precipitated Chalk, 4 
drachms. Agitate the preparation occasionally for twelve hours, when it will be ready for use. Apply 
with a piece of fine sponge. 

The best Ink Tables for color work are porcelain, litho. stone, marble, or slate. A good firm-faced 
slate is equal to marble for color or any other work. Meta! tables are injurious to colored inks,—even 
polished iron surfaces giving a dullness to all bright colors. All wood tables absorb the ink, and so can¬ 
not be used for change of colors. Slate ink tables have this drawback, that thev cannot be heated for 
better working in cold weather. 

Printers’ Lye —No 1.—28 lbs of Soda, dissolved in 52 gallons of water, to which add 7 lbs. of 
soft soap boiled and then stir well together. 

No. 2.—Boil 3 gallons of water in a copper kettle ; throw in while boiling y, lb. of unslacked lime 
and 2 lbs. of common Soda ; stir well for 15 minutes. Then let it settle until it is cold, when it must be 
taken out without disturbing the sediment, and the liquid is ready for use. 

Recipe for Making Magenta Surface Paper. —02. of Magenta (aniline,) 14 oz. Bis- 
mark Brown, ( aniline ) 1 cake of Glue ; put these into 4 gallons of boiling water. Coat the paper with 
this using an 8-inch double-filled camel's hair brush. Quantity given will coat 2 reams of double crown. 
A hard-sized paper must be used. 

Recipe for making Paste. —1. Buy of your druggist one pound of isinglass, dissolve three leaves 
of it with a piece of alum about the size of a crab apple, in three pints of water, thicken with wheat flour 
and boil well. This paste will, if properly made, keep in better condition longer than any other paste 
made. First, put in your flour, afterward the water, as you may find necessary, after stirring. In this 
wav you get the flour thoroughly saturated and have a good mixture; if the flour is thrown into the kettle 
last, no amount of stirring can effectually prevent its being lumpy. 

2. A Strong White Paste. —Dissolve 2b> ounces of gum arabic in 2 quarts of water, and stir it 
into 1 pound of wheat flour uutil the whole becomes of a pasty consistancy. It is then to be heated, and 
1 l „ oz. each of sugar of lead and alum dissolved in a little water added thereto, and the composition well 
stirred until it shows signs of boiling, when it must be removed from the fire: Add while hot 6 drops of 
carbolic acid. 

3. Paste for Labels on Glass.—N o. 1. Take of gum arabic one oz., boiling water and 

sjlvcerine 2 fluid ounces, each make a solution. 

0 - « 

No. 2.—Gum arabic and powdered gum tragacanth }4 oz. each, water 1 % oz., acetic acid 20 drops. 
Mix, the acid is used to prevent chemical change. 

• 

^_Paste that will keep a year without fermentation. Dissolve one oz. of alum in one 

quart of boiling water; when cold add as much flour as will give it the consistency ot cream , then 
sprinkle into it^i teaspoonfull of powdered rosin and 2 or 3 cloves ground and boil a few moments. 

r. A Good Mucilage —Dissolve clear glue in equal volumes of water and strong vinegar, adding 
one fourth of equal volume of alcohol, and a small quantity of a solution of alum in water. The action 
of the vinegar is due to the acetic acid which it contains. 

6. Liquid Glue. —Take some good strong glue and mix it with full proof whisky. Let it digest 
for a few days and it is ready for use. 

The decomposition of paste may be prevented by adding to it a small quantity of carbolic acid. It 
will not then become offensive by being kept for several days, or when several layers of paper are put on 
with paste. In the same manner the disagreeable smell ot glue may be prevented. A few drops ot the 
solution added to ink or mucilage will prevent them from moulding. 

INK MIXTURES ETC., THAT PRODUCE TONES, HUES, TINTS AND SHADES OF COLOR. 

Yellow and Carmine or Dead Red produce scarlet or vermillion. 

Carmine and Blue produce Deep Lilac, \ iolet and Purple. 

Blue and Black produce Deep blue or Blue Black. 

Carmine, Yellow and Black produce Rich Brown. 


99 















































c wOC'L'i Z0T'Z 


Valucible (RcoiTec 



Yellow and Black make Bronze Green. 

Yellow, Blue and Black make Deep Green. 

Yellow and Blue produce bright or light green. 

Carmine and White make Pink of any shade. 

Ultramarine, White and Carmine form deep shades of Lilac. 

Violet and White produce pale Lilac or Lavender. 

Cobalt alone or with White is a lively Pale Blue. 

Chinese Blues makes a deep Bronze Blue. 

Emerald-Chrome, Pale Lemon Chrome, and Chinese Blue make any shade of Emerald Green. 
Amber is made from Pale Yellow, Chrome and Carmine. 

Red Brown is made with Burnt Amber and a little Scarlet Lake. 

Light Brown is made from Burnt Sienna, shading with Lake. 

Salmon is made by a combination of White. Burnt Sienna and a little Orange Chrome. 

COMBINATION OF COLORS THAT HARMONIZE WELL. 

Two Colors. —Scarlet Red and Deep Green; Orange and Violet; Light Blue and Deep Red; 
Yellow and Blue; Black and Salmon ; Black and Light Green; Dark and Light Blue; Carmine and 
Emerald ; Black and Carmine. 

Three Colors. —Red, Yellow and Blue ; Orange, Black and Light Blue ; Light Salmon, Dark 
Green and Scarlet, Brown. Light Orange and Purple: Dark Brown. Orange Yellow and Blue; Crimson 
Lake, Greenish Yellow and Black. 

Four Colors.— Black, Green, Dark Red and Sienna ; Scarlet, Dark Green, Lavender and Black : 
Ultramarine or Cobalt Blue, Vermillion, Bronze Green and Lilac ; Sienna, Blue, Red and Black. 

Tints of any depth may be made by putting down a finely ground white*ink as a basis, and toning it 
with the color desired—Whether a primary, secondary or tertitary. 

Varnish Tints are made by adding color to full bodied, well boiled printers’ varnish, using a little 
soap and drving preparation to make them work smoothly and dry quickly. 




ICO 















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































’OLLEGTION OF 


TEMS, VATES AND ■ ABLES. 


V. 


AURENTIUS, sometimes called Roster, or Kustos, was the one who first made the discovery 
of Printing, which was made in Haerlem, in Holland, about the year 1429. The first News 
Paper in America was the Boston Nexvs Letter. It was first issued by John Campbell, on 
Monday, April 24, 1704, and was issued regularly for about 72 years. The Boston Gazette , 
was the second, the first issue of which appeared December, 21, 1719. The Third was the American 
Weekly Mercury, published at Philadelphia, on the 22d of December, 1719. 

Lithography was first discovered about the beginning of the last century, by Alois Senefelder, an 
actor of Munich, Bavaria. 

Benjamin Franklin was born in the city of Boston, January 17, 1706, and died in Philadelphia, April 
17. 1 79 °- 

William Caxton, the first English printer, was born about 1410, and died 1492. 

Stereotyping was first invented in 169S, by J. Van der Mev, in Holland. In 1804, it was introduced 
in this country by Mathew Carey. 

The first attempt at Type Founding in the United States, was made about the year 1735, at German¬ 
town, Pa., by Christopher Sauer, or Sower, who cast the types for a German bible, which he himself 
printed. An unsuccessful attempt was made to establish the business at Boston, about 1768, by a scotch- 
man named Mitchelson. Abel Buell soon after began the business at Killingworth, Conn., and was 
granted a loan of money by the Colonial General Assembly, to aid him in his work. At the close of the 
Revolution, John Baine of Edinburgh, came to this country and conducted the business until his death 
in 1790. 

Tvpe Founding commenced in Philadelphia, in 179b. by Archibald Binny and James Ronaldson, 
(now the Johnson Foundry.) 

Printing for the Blind. —The first successful efforts to introduce Printing in raised characters 
for the blind, were made in 1784, bv Abbe Valentin Haug, at Paris. 



103 


























Colled 


ion of Items , (Dates and Tables. 


Robert Hoe, the founder of the firm of R. Hoe & Co., was born in England, 1784. and died in the 
United States, 1S33. 

The First Press in America was established at Lima, Peru, about 1590, and the next in Mexico, 1600. 
The first Press in North America was at Cambridge, Mass., about the year 163S. 

The Inventor of the Power Printing Press. Frederick Koenig, was born in Prussian Saxony, in 1775, 
and died in 1833. 

Aldus Manutius, of Venice was the inventor of Italic Letters. They were invented to do away with 
abbreviations. 

But one paper was published in America during the reign of Queen Anne, and that was the Boston 
News Letter , printing but 13000 copies annually. 

The first Newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, was the Sydney Gazette and New 
South Wales Advertiser , March 6, 1802. 

William Bradford was the first Printer in America. He was born in England, May 20, 1663 and 
died May 23. 1732, in the ninetieth year of his age. His first production was u The American Almanack 
for the Year of Christian Account, 1739." The earliest volume from his press was the “ Temple of 
Wisdom which was published in 168S, seventeen years before the birth of Franklin. In 1690 he 
established the first Paper Mill in America. In the year 1693, he was appointed “ Royal Printer ” by 
Gov. Fletcher of New York, at a salary of forty pounds a year, When he was 62 years of age he estab¬ 
lished the first newspaper in New York, which was in the year 1725. This paper he edited until he was 
80 years old. He was buried in the grounds about Trinity Church, New York City. The following is 
the copy of his address published in his Almanac ; 

THE PRINTER TO THE READERS: 

Hereby underftand that after great charge & Trouble, I have brought that great Art & Mystery 
of Printing into this part of America; believing it may be of great fervice to you in feveral refpects; 
hoping to find encouragement, not only in this Almanack, but what elfe I fhall enter upon for the ufe & 
fervice of the Inhabitants of thefe Parts. Some irregularities there be in this Diary, which I defire you 
to pal's by this year ; for being lately come hither, my materials were mifplaced & out of order, whereupon 
I was forced to ule Figures & Letters of various sizes: but underftanding the want of fomething of this 
nature, & being importuned thereto, I ventured to make public this; defiring you to accept thereof; & by 
the next < as I find encouragement) fhall endeavor to have things compleat. And for the eafe of Clerks, 
Scriveniers, Sec., I propofe to print blank Bills, Bonds, Letters of Attorney, Indentures, Warrants, etc., 
& what elfe prefents itfelf, wherein I fhall be ready to ferve you; and remain your friend. 

Philadelphia,the 10th month, 1685. W. BRADFORD. 

The First Newspaper in Illinois. —Matthew Duncan, a brother of the late Gov. Duncan, pub¬ 
lished the first paper ever issued in Illinois, which made its appearance during the year 1814, at Kaskas- 
kia, Randolph County, it was called The Herald, and was iSx22 inches in size. In 1S15, during the 
month of October, Col. E. C. Berry, the first State Auditor, purchased the office of Mr. Duncan and 
changed the title of the paper to the Illinois Intelligencer, and enlarged it to 20x25 inches. The late D. 
P. Cook and Robt Blackwell had an interest in the paper in 1817, and in 1818 it was owned by Mr. Black 
well and Wm. Berry, a brother of the Auditor. 

When the seat ot government was removed from Kaskaskia to Vandalia in 1820, the Intelligence1 
followed the public offices in their migration. During the winter of 1S20, Hon. W. H. Brown purchased 
Mr. Blackwell’s interest in the paper, and the following is his description of the condition of the office at 
the time of his purchase: 

“ The material of the office consisted of an old, dilapidated press, nearly similar in form and con¬ 
struction to that of Franklin now on exhibition at the Patent Office at Washington, but about one size 
larger. It worked off a form of 20x25 inches, or a sheet somewhat larger than is used for octavo book 
printing. The type, when brought to Kaskaskia, had doubtless performed severe duty in some interior 
Kentucky office, and was justly entitled to an honorable discharge. There were but two varieties—a 
respectable font of Small Pica and a small one of Minion. These were used for the newspaper and the 


104 





















laws and journals, oftentimes causing the delay ot a partially composed form, until matter from other 
forms could be distributed. The printing ink in use was an impromptu work of one of the printers, from 
oil and lampblack inartisticallv combined, producing rather a dingy blue than a fair black color. The 
office was an open log building, one story high, with a roof of clap-boards held in place by longitudinal 
weight-poles. Its ventilation was perfect, except when the thermometer indicated severe freezing weather. 
At such times there was a cessation of business, and the printers became gentlemen of leisure, until, by a 
prodigal use of fuel, a general thaw throughout the office took place In 1821, very important changes 
were made. The printing establishment was moved into a better building, the old "press was laid aside, 
and the worn-out tj-pe sent to the foundry.” 


A number of years ago, Hon. Sydney Breese, one of the Supreme Court Judges of this State, on 
one occasion, when work was “crowding” and workmen were scarce in the office where “ Breese’s 
Reports ’ were being printed, placed a portion of one volume in type, “studying” the case till he found 
the sorts required. 

Ri les for Compositors. —The following Rules for Compositors, in the office of Tower, Gilder- 
sleeve & Co., Job Printers, in New York City, are well worth the attention and careful study of every 
apprentice. They are each of them important duties devolving on the Compositor during working hours. 

1. Be sharp on time every morning and after dinner. 

2. Keep your stand and window-sill always clean. 


3. Care in reading your sticks is insisted upon. Responsibility for your carelessness must not be 
cast upon the Proof-reader. 

4. Much trouble and waste of time will be avoided by finishing your work before it leaves 
your hands. 

5. Use no foreign spaces or quads. 

6. Use metal furniture instead of slugs, and slugs instead of leads whenever possible. 

7. Put away all cases at once after using them, and push in all cases you have used. Do not soil 
the labels. 

8. All forms finally corrected and ready for the press must be reported to the Assistant Foreman 
for his revision. 

9. Clean off all stones, cases, galleys, etc., after every job—putting every thing where it belongs. 
When distributing, put away every thing belonging to the job distributed. Don’t leave a single space 
behind. Distribute all loose matter first. 


10. Distribute all discarded or “ try ” lines; leave no odd lines whatever on the standing galley. 

11. In putting away material, leave it better than you found it. Ben Franklin used to say: “ If 
you drop one type, pick up two!” Also, put nothing away that is not clean. 

12. Remember that speed in distribution is quite as important as in composition. It is a common 
practice among the craft to regard the order to distribute as an occasion to enjoy a “loaf.” This is all wrong. 

13. Throw no type nor leads on the floor. Do not make of the quad-box a museum. Hanging- 
boxes are provided for all foreign material found in cases whether battered or not. 

14. The stones are not intended as depositories for dead matter, but must be religiously reserved for 
arranging and imposing forms for the press. No litter of any kind will be allowed on them. 

15. Any one known to cut down stamped leads, slugs or case rules, or shave or otherwise mutilate 
any labour-saving material, will be relieved on the spot. 

16. As a grievous daily waste of time is caused by over-indulgence in conversation, quite foreign to 
the business of the office, paiticularly by the gathering of groups, notice is hereby given that the “ Mass 
Convention” is adjourned sine die; and, while there is no desire to cause you any unnecessary feeling of 
restraint, yet it is needful to remind you that your services, during the time for which you are paid, belong 
to your employers. Whatever time you waste is virtually a breach of your contract with them. 

17. It is proper to caution you. that, if you prove yourself habitually careless, or slovenly, or slow at 
your work, your place will be filled by another possessing the requisite qualifications. You are expected 
to exercise your right to go elsewhere, if dissatisfied here; your employers have the same remedy at hand, 
if dissatisfied with you. 






18. It is expected that you will be sociable and agreeable with your fellow-workmen. There must 
be harmony among the bees in the hive, or but little honey is made. 

The foregoing rales are placed in your hand with a view to acquaint you with the plan adopted to 
secure system and cleanliness. No effort will be spared.to make things pleasant for you; labour-saving 
improvements have been introduced that will assist in making work easier for you as well as more profit¬ 
able to the firm. You will be treated with kindness and consideration, but you are asked not to forget 
that good discipline is as requisite to success in trade as in war. 




105 























Us„.ec:is:c 



Dates and 


vuv 



For ascertaining the Nu 
size, and the quantity of 
copies in any torm, from 

TiLBLE 

mber of Forms for a Book of any 
naDer necessary to print a thousand 

Octavo to 321110 

half sheet-wise. 

No. of 
Forms. 

Svo. 

i2ino. 

lomo. 

24010. 

32ino. 

Paper 
for 1000 
Copies 


Pages. 

Pages. 

Pages. 

Pages. 

Pages. 

It Ills 

. Qrs 

I 

s 

12 

l6 

24 

32 

1 

2 

2 

16 

24 

32 

4 * 

b 4 

> 

4 

3 

24 

3 ° 

i S 

*7 > 

i “ 

9 b 

3 

6 

4 

32 

4 $ 

"4 

9 b 

12S 

4 

s 

5 

40 

(x> 

So 

120 

160 

5 

10 

b 

4S 

7 2 

0 

‘44 

192 

0 

12 

7 

5 6 

s 4 

112 

10S 

224 

7 

■4 

s 

<M 

90 

I2S 

192 

25b 

s 

l6 

Q 

l 2 

So 

10S 

‘44 

2 6 

2SS 

9 

.5 

10 

120 

160 

24° 

320 

1 1 


11 

ss 

■32 

176 

264 

352 

12 

y 

12 

96 

•44 

192 

2SS 

3 % 

‘3 

4 

‘3 

104 

150 

20S 

3*2 

4 'b 

‘4 

6 

*4 

112 

l6S 

224 

330 

44 s 

‘5 

S ; 

•5 

120 

1S0 

240 

300 

4S0 

IO 

IO 

l6 

12$ 

192 

256 

3'4 

5‘2 

•7 

12 

‘7 

' 3 <> 

204 

272 

40s 


iS 

‘4 

iS 

•44 

210 

25 b 

432 


‘9 

IO 

•9 

'52 

22S 

3°4 

456 


20 

iS 

20 

160 

240 

320 

4S0 

... 

22 


21 

16S 

2,2 

3 3 6 

504 


23 

2 

22 

23 

176 

.$4 

264 

270 

3|2 

3 to 

.... 


24 

25 

4 

6 

24 

192 

2SS 

3&4 



20 

s 

25 

200 

3 °° 

400 



27 

10 

2 b 

20S 

3'2 

416 



2S 

12 

3 

216 

324 

432 



29 

‘4 

224 

336 

44 ? 



30 

l6 

29 

232 

£ 

404 



3 ‘ 

iS 

30 

24O 

4S1 



33 


31 

24S 

372 

496 



34 

2 

32 

256 

3 % 

S '2 



33 

4 

33 

294 

396 

52 S 



3 b 

6 

S 

34 

272 

40S 

544 



37 

35 

2ND 

420 

56O 



3 * 

IO 

30 

2S$ 

432 




39 

12 

37 

296 

444 

592 



40 

‘4 

3 ? 

3°4 

45 ° 

60S 



4 ‘ 

l6 

39 

3'2 

463 




42 

iS 

40 

320 

4S0 




44 


Example—H ow manv reams will he required for a I 

2 mo 

book containing 40S pages? Find the number of pages (40S) 

in the izmo Column: in the outer 

column 

on the left ot the 

table the number of forms is seen, and in 

the outer column 

on the right the quantity of paper required is given. 






03 



if . 


00 




•Ji U a) 





d. 


a 




^2 5 


CJ 

u 


6 

£ 

0 






< 

d 


< 

d 


d 

z 




r +: 

rn 




cr. 

tr. 



— £ *1; 











5 *- *C 

c s V 

A 

B 

2 

3 

3 

2 


4 

3 

4 

3 

5 

3 

5 

3 

M 


w « 

c 

2 

2 


3 

3 

4 

4 

4* 'N 

N 


D 

2 

2 


3 

3 

4 

4 


h 


E 

F 

G 

4 

4 


5 

5 

6 

0 


>,JJ 

2 

2 

2 

2 


3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

C *0 

H 

w w a 

H 

2 

2 


3 

3 

4 

4 



; a« 

I 

4 

3 


4 

4 1 

5 

5 


Q 


J 

2 

1 


3 

2 

3 

2 

S' N 

0 

0 

£ zi £ 

X 3 

> ‘D 0 

M 

1 

4 

2 

1 

4 

2 


2 

5 

3 

2 i 
5 

2 

6 

4 

2 

6 

4 


k 

— C 

X 

3 

3 


4 

4 

5 

5 

X w 

r 

O 7 

« 

3 

3 


4 

4 

5 




^ ** X 

P 

2 

2 


3 

3 

3 

3 


\a 

« - 


1 

1 


2 

2 

2 

2 

4>. ri 

(11 

K 

3 

3 


4 

4 

5 

5 


H 

•r * 

s 

4 

4 


5 

5 

b 

b 


a 

£ £ ^ 
c 0 * 

T 

U 

V 

3 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 


4 

3 

3 

4 

31 
3 

5 

4 

3 

5 

4 

3 

•£ N 

k 


w 

2 

2 


3 

3 

3 

3 


u 


X 

1 

1 


2 

2 1 

2 

2 

tr, n 

H 


Y 

2 

2 


3 

3 

3 

3 




/ 

1 

1 


2 

21 

2 

2 


fi 


& 

1 



2 


2 



0 

5 &Ji 

’ 

3 



4 


4 


d- N 

h 

0 JO 


1 



2 


2 






1 



2 


2 



ii 

Ji ir > 

• 

3 



4 


4 


PO N 


—Z — 


1 



1 


1 



3 

-- f 

’ 

2 



2 


2 



N 

f 1 i'a 
"r > * 

• 

li 

2 

1 


3 

1 

3 

1 

N <N 



ff 


1 




1 


0 

w 

Dit 

it’ K w 

a 

« 

ffi 


1 

1 

1 



1 

1 


1 

1 

1 

OH 












•— ~ X 

rigures are 

usually put up with 

r* 


C u - — 

Fonts of 

4 A 

ind 

upwards. 

and 




always with L 

ower Case, so 

that 




when a Font 

of a 

A is 

orde 

red. 

o — 



the Lower Case and Figures will 

St 0 


x 7 . 

always be sent 
ordered. 

, un 

less otherwise 


Estimating the Quantity of Type required for Newspapers, Sec .—The space occupied 
by a pound of average type may be stated as three and five-tenths square inches. Example : Suppose 
that a page of a weekly paper to be estimated for, measures 16x22 inches. Ascertain the square inches 
in it by multiplying the length bv the breadth. Thus, 22x16=352 square inches. Now. as each 3.5 inches 
contains one pound, accordingly by dividing the total number of inches by the number in a pound— 
adding an .0 to compensate for the decimal in the divisor—the weight of the page is ascertained, as 
follows : 

5.5 >352.o( too lbs. per page. If but one page is to be set in a certain type, an allowance of 50per 
35 cent, should be made for what will remain in the cases and for matter 

- set up and left over. The greater the number of pages in the same size 

with 2.0 sq. inches over of type, the less the proportion of the extra weight of type needed. 



Thus, we would sav : 

For 1 page weighing 100 lbs. 150 lbs. will be needed. 

For 2 pages, 100 lbs, each, 250 lbs 

For 3 pages, 100 lbs, each, 350 lbs. 

For 4 pages, 100 lbs. each, 450 lbs. 

The foregoing is believed to be the minimum quantity of type necessary for above size of paper; the 

standing matter and letter remaining in case fully equalling the space occupied by leads, rules, Sic., as 
well as the extra quantity of type allowed. 

In book offices, when the number and size of pages to be set are known, the quantity of type can be 
ascertained as above ; an allowance of from 25 to 50 per cent, being made, according to the number of 
cases to be laid. A pair of cases holds about 50 pounds of type. 





106 






































































































nr -- # • 

^ C tst/C/l/* * C / ^ w 



TABLE SHOWING THE QUANTITY OF PAPER REQUIRED 

For any Job of from *30 to 10,000 Copies. N'o allowance is made for waste or over copies. 


X 5 

c’c = 
Z 'J ? 

2, 

to sht 

3 

to sht 

4 

to sht 

6 

to sht 

8 9 

to sht to sht 

12 

to snt 

15 

to sht 

16 

to sht 

18 

to Slit 

X i 

20 

to sht 

T~S 

u zz 
3 * x 

24 

to slit 

• 

3 * ”7 

32 

to silt 

36 

to sht 

• 

X — 
u jz 
3 * X 

48 

to sht 

* * 

U jz 

3 " j 

• 03 

X —' 

u jz 
3 “ X 

03 * 

U r- 

“ J . 

i i 
~ * 

i L 

S~ 

£ | 

-2 / 

x - 

u — 

“ /. 

X 2 

u 

3 * •/ 

h. — 

w /. 

• X 

X w 

— jz 

3 * X 

• X 

X •*-* 

— JZ 

~ X 

5 ° 

I— I 

0 —*7 

°—13 

O— 9 

0-17 

O- Od 

0— 5 

0— 4 

0— 4 

°— 3 

0 - 3 

0— 3 

O— 2 

O— 2 

0— 2 

IOO 

2— 2 

I-IO 

I- I 

0-17 

0-13 

0—12 

O— 9* 

0— 7 

0 — 7 

0— 61 

0- 5 

0 — 5 

0— 4 

0— 3 

0— 3 

200 

4— 4 

2—19 

2— 2 

I — IO 

I- 1 

0—23 

0—17 

0—14 

0-13 

0—12 

0—IO 

0 — 9 

0— 7 

0— 6 

0 — 5 

' 5 ° 

5 5 

3 —w 

2 —>5 

1—iS 


'— 4 

0—21 

0—17 

0—16 

0-14 

0—13 

0—11 

0- s 

o— 7 

0— 6 

3 °° 

0— 6 

4 — 4 

3 — 3 

2— 2 

1—14 

I—IO 

I— 1 

O—20 

0—19 

°-i 7 

0—15 

0—13 

O—IO 

0— 9 

0 — 7 

400 

s— s 

5—'4 

4 — 4 

2—19 

2- 2 

I—21 

I — IO 

1 3 

1— 1 

0—23 

0—20 

0—17 

0—13 

0—12 

0— 9 

5 oo 

10—10 

0-23 

5 5 

3—12 

2 *5 

2— s 

1—iS 

I — IO 

1— S 

1- 4 

1- 1 

0—21 

0—16 

0—14 

0—11 

COO 

12—12 

S— S 

6— 0 

4— 4 

3— 3 

2—19 

2— 2 

I — IO 

•-■I 

1 —10 

i— 6 

1— 1 

O —19 

0—17 

0—13 

JOO 

14—14 

9—iS 

7 7 

4—21 

3—16 

3 — 6 

2—I I 

1—23 

1—20 

■-'? 

1—11 

1— 6 

O—22 

0—20 

0—15 

75 ° 

1 *5 

10—IO 

7-20 

5 5 

3—22 

3—12 

2—15 

2— 3 

1-23 

1 — IS 

1—14 

1— s 

I— O 

0—21 

0—10 

>00 

16—10 

'i- 3 

8— s 

5—14 

4— 4 

3—'7 

2-lo 

2— 0 

2— 2 

I—21 

1 —16 

I—10 

I— I 

0—23 

0—17 

900 

IS—IS 

12—12 

9 — 9 

0— 6 

4—17 

4 — 4 

3 — 3 

2—12 

— 9 

2— 2 

I—21 

1—14 

1— 5 


0—19 

IOOO 

20—20 

13—22 

IO—IO 

6—23 

5 — 5 

4—16 

3—12 

2—19 

2—15 

2— 8 

2— 2 

1—iS 

I— $ 

1— 4 

0—21 

1 - 5 ° 

20— I 

• 7 — 9 

13— 1 

S—17 

6-13 

3—19 

4 — 9 

3-12 

3— 7 

2-22 

2—15 

2— 5 

I —16 

1 — 11 

1— 3 

■ 5 °° 

3>— 6 

20-20 

*5 >5 

10—10 

7—20 

'.i —23 

5 5 

4 5 

3—22 

3 -i 2 

3— 3 

2 —'5 

1—23 

1 — iS 

1— s 

175 ° 

30—11 

-■ 4 - S 

iS— 6 

12— 4 

9- 3 

8- 3 

6 2 

4—22 

4—14 

4— 2 

3—10 

3 — 1 

2— S 

2— I 

1 —*3 

2000 

41-IO 

27—19 

20—20 

.3—22 

10—10 

9— 7 

6—23 

3—14 

5 

4—16 

4— 4 

3 —i 2 

2—15 

2— S 

1—iS 

25°° 

.52— 2 

34 -i S 

20- I 

17—10 

‘ 3 — ' 

11—15 

8-17 

7- ° 

6—13 

5—20 

5 — 5 

4 — 9 

3 7 

2—22 

2- 5 

3 °°° 

02—12 

41-16 

31— 6 

20—20 

'.3—15 

13—22 

IO — IO 

8 — 8 

7—20 

6-23 

3— 0 

5 

3—22 

3-12 

2—15 

4000 S3 — s 

S 3 —14 41 —it* 

27—10 

20—20 

18-13 

13—22 

"— 3 

10—10 

9 — 7 

s — s 

f—23 

5 5 

4—16 

3 —i 2 

^000 

104- 4 

09—11 

5 -’— 2 

34—18 

26— 1 

-' 3 — 4 

‘ 7 — 9 

‘ 3-22 

: 3 — i 

II— 14 

10—10 

; 7 

6—13 

5—19 

J— 9 

16000 

20S- s 

13S-22 

104- 4 

69 —1 1 

52— 2 

4”— 8 34 * 8 

27—10 

.6— 1 

23— 4 

20—20 

,! 7 — 9 

■3— * 

n—14 

b - 17 


Average Daily Perform ance of Presses —The estimates of the following table are for mis¬ 
cellaneous work, done in the usual manner, with little making ready, and under the favorable conditions 
of a busy season. It is supposed that the presses are at work full ten hours ; that feeders and pressmen 
are expert and diligent; that paper, rollers, steam power, ink. etc., are in perfect order, and that there are 
no detentions or accidents: 


Make 

Ready 

Time 

Style of Press—Number of Forms. 

Time 

of 

P. W. 

Rate 

per 

Hour. 

Daily 

Per- 

Fance. 

Hours 


Card Press. 

I lours 1 


Impr. 

1 

One Form 

of 7.500 Impressions. ... 

9 

1 

7 500 

4 

Four •* 

I.OCX) “ ... 

6 

666 

4 (XX) 

6 

Eight “ 

2 50 * 4 

4 

5 °° 

2 (XX) 



Small Machine Press. 


- 


I 

One Form 

of 6.000 Impressions. 

9 

666 

6 (xx> 

5 

Five 

500 ... 


;oo 

2 500 1 

8 

Eight “ 

IOO ** ... 

> 

yfxt 

8001 



Hand Press. 




1 

One Form 

of 1,500 Impressions. 

9 

156 

1 500 

4 

Four 

250 “ - - 

6 

166 

1 000; 

| 



Medium Cylinder. 




I 

One Form 

of 7.500 Impressions, 

q 

Si-j 0 

7 500 

N 

Five 

750 

5 

750 

3 75 ° I 

7 

Eight ** 

250 “ ... 

n 

v) 

666 

2 OCX)! 


Double Medium Cylinder. 




■» 

One Form 

of 5,000 Impressions, 

S 

666 

5 000 

N 

Three 

1,000 ** ... 

s 

600 

5 000 

7 

Six 

250 


5 °° 

1 500 



Mam moth C yUnder. 




■> 

One Form 

of 4.000 Impressions, 

7 

57 o 

4 000 

5 

T wo 

1,250 “ - 

5 

500 

2 500 

7 

Four •* 

250 “ ... 

*» 

v) 

333 

I OOO 


107 


—De l'in nes Drier List. 

































































c 


■y-- 


(Daze: 


,^'7 n' 

c » / w L . 


m — 

/ t n! p <? 

XUw^Ct> 


I'he following shows the number of ems contained in a pound of each of the following sizes of type: 


One pound of Pica contains . 130 ems. 

“ “ S. Pica “ 170 “ 

“ L. Primer contains. 200 “ 

“ Bourgeois “ 270 “ 

One pound of Pearl c 


One pound of Brevier contains.. 
“ “ Minion “ 

“ “ Nonpareil “ 

“ “ Agate “ 

•ontains. 800 ems. 


290 ems. 
. 360 “ 

• 52c “ 

. 690 “ 


520)6780(13 lbs. 


Example .—A given column contains 6,780 ems Nonpareil. According to 
above a pound of Nonpareil contains 520 ems. Divide the whole number of ems 
by the number in one pound, and the result is the weight of the column: 


15S0 

1560 


20 ems over. 

Measuring Type or Matter. —The measurement 5 s made bv multiplying the number of solid 
ems contained in the length of any body of type, by the number contained in the width of the measure. 
The gauge for measurement is an em of the type in which the matter calculated is set. 

In book offices it is usual to count the matter appearing below the head line in the above manner, 
counting three ems in addition for the head line with its blank and the foot line, without regard to tiie 
size of the type in which they are set. In measuring the subject matter, anything in excess of an em 
and less than a halt em is not counted, while an en. or an excess making less than an em, is counted as a 
full em. 


Chapter heads, blank spaces, or cuts occurring in the dimensions of pages are rated the same as 
though the space occupied consisted of type. Tt is also customary to count as tvpe a cut occupying a 
whole page when backed by printed matter. 

Quotations, poetry, and matter set in smaller type than the body of the work, are always counted 
according to the size of the type in which they are set, distinct from the larger type in the same page or 
body of matter, commencing at the first line and extending to the first line of the larger type. 

Pages set in columns include all spaces between the columns, and bordered pages are measured from 
outside to outside of border by the ems of the tvpe which thev enclose. 

Side and centre notes, in Bibles or law works, are measured by the full width of the note and the 
full length of the page, in the type of which they are composed. > 

The mode of ascertaining the number of ems in a line is by laying as manv of the letter m flatwise 
in the stick as will make the measure. 

It is customary in many newspaper offices to count the rule set between advertisements as a line of 
type, although it may not be of the required depth. This necessitates counting the lines where a number 
are set together .—Encyclopedia of Printing. 

Matter for Stereotyping or Electrotyping is set with high spaces and quadrates. The forms should 
be small, containing about two pages of octavo. A slug type-high is put above, and another below each 
page to protect the ends of the plates from injury when passed through the shaving machine. For elec¬ 
trotyping slugs must also be put on the sides of the pages. 

How to Bend Brass Ri i.e. —By taking brass rule and heating it until about to turn red, and then 
immersing it in cold water, it can easily be bent to anv desired shape. 

Cards. —It is estimated that the annual product of Cards in the United States is at least 25,ooo,o(x> 
sheets, 22x28 inches. 

The word “ News" is not, as many would suppose derived from the adjective new. In former 
times it was a prevalent practice to put over the periodical publications of the day the initial letters of 
the compass, thus importing that these papers contained intelligence from the four quarters of the globe ; 
and from this practice is derived the word “Newspaper .”—Dictionary of Dates. 


108 






















Extra Price Composition. —English Dictionaries, Concordances, and Bibles, with superior refer¬ 
ences, should be charged for at least io cents per 1000 ems more than plain matter, for the least difficult 
kinds. The best rule is double the extra it may be necessary to pay for the composition. This is also 
the best method of fixing the price of Gazetteers, Dictionaries of Art, and Scientific Works generally, 
which may sometimes be so plain as to require no extra, and, on the other hand, be very difficult of com¬ 
position. 

Grammar, 20 cents per 1000 ems over plain composition. 

Spelling Books should range from 10 cents extra to double price. A Spelling Book from manuscript 
copy, containing a good proportion of lists of words in columns ( sometimes two, sometimes four or more ), 
double the price of plain matter. Some Spelling Books, so called, are little more than reading books, 
for which 10 cents extra would be sufficient. 

Algebraic Work, in treatises on Algebra only, double price. When in lines or paragraphs, to be 
charged bv time, at the rate of 60 cents per hour, or about treble price. This double price should be 
charged for the entire work. Double price is not enough for the composition of Algebraic formulas. It 
is expected that the plain explanatory matter will fairly set off the loss on the Algebraic matter. 

Medical, Astronomical, or other works requiring the use of many signs or extra sorts, on time, at the 
rate of 60 cents an hour, or at double price if the characters need no justification—at about treble price 
if they do. 

When, through the fault of author or publisher, common matter has to be re-made up on galley, this 
extra work should be charged at the rate of 10 cents per 1000 ems, or on time at 60 cents per hour. 

Over running and Re-adjustifying, one half price of re-print composition. 

All work containing a profusion of small cuts should, in addition to the regular price per 1000 ems, 
be charged extra, at the rate of 60 cents per hour, for time spent by the maker-up in over-running or try¬ 
ing to bring in even. The time of the reader spent in erasures or additions to accomplish the same object 
should be charged at the same rate.— De Vinne's Price List. 

The words in the English language are a compound of several languages. The language may be 
looked upon as a complication, both in words and expression, ot various dialects. Our law terms are 
derived from the Norman, our military terms from the French, our scientific terms lrom the Greek, and 
our stock of nouns from the Latin, through the medium of the French. Nearly all English verbs are 
German, and nearly every noun or adjective is taken from other dialects. The English language is com¬ 
posed of is,733 words; of which 6,732 are from the Latin, 3,312 from the French, 1,669 from the Saxon, 
2,660 from the Greek, 691 from the Dutch, 211 from the Italian, 106 from the German (not including 
verbs ), 90 from the Welsh, 75 from the Danish, 56 from the Spanish, 50 from the Icelandic, 31 from the 
Swedish, 31 from the Gothic, 16 from the Hebrew, 15 from the Teutonic, and the remainder from other 
languages. 

The Funeral of Benjamin Franklin. —The following order of the procession at the funeral 
of Franklin, is taken from the American Historical Record, having been copied from the Brunswick 
Gazette , published in New Brunswick, New Jersey, May 4th. 1790 : 

The procession was headed by all the Clergy of the city, including the Ministers of the Hebrew Con¬ 
gregation. 

The Corpse carried bv citizens. The pall supported by—The President of the State—Gen. Thomas 

Mifflin. 

The Chief Justice—Thomas McKean. 

The President of the Bank—Thomas Willing. 

Samuel Power, a wealthy property-holder of Philadelphia, and particular friend of Franklin. 

William Bingham—First United States Senator. 

David Rittenhouse—The Astronomer. 

The Mourners, consisting of the family of the deceased, with a number of particular friends. 
















. *7 ^ 7 7 ^ 

L/C' KW'C' 


r “ o-v* 
k/w C'L /- 


Tfp-m 

-±. t C //1 ► 




J72.1 


ji ?; 


•it, 


The Secretary and Members of the Supreme Executive Council ; of these there were present Charles 
Riddle, Secretary; Samuel Miles, Amos Gregg, Christopher Kucher, Richard Willing, Zebulon 

Potts, William Wilson, and Samuel Edie. 

The Speaker and Members cM" the General Assembly. 

Judges of the Supreme Court and Officers of the Government. 

The Gentlemen of the Bar. Among whom may be mentioned Jonathan Sargent, William Bradford, 
Edward Burd, William Barton, George Campbell, Daniel Clymer, Geo. A. Dallas, Jos. B. 
McKean, Governeur Morris, Wm. Rawle, P. S. Duponceau. Jacob Bankson. 

The Mayor and Corporation of the city. 

The Printers of the city, with their Journeymen and apprentices—among these were Mathew Carey» 
Christopher Sower, Robert Atkin, Thomas Dobson, and Robert Bell 

The Philosophical Society; now known as the American Philosophical Society. 

The College of Physicians. 

The Cincinnati. 

The College of Philadelphia, since known as the University of Pennsylvania. 

And sundry other societies, together with a numerous and respectable body of Citizens. 
According to the estimate of the beholders, the concourse exceeded in numbers any ever held in Phil¬ 
adelphia before upon a like occasion, and was supposed to reach twenty thousand. 

The account closes with the following words : 

The order and silence which prevailed, during the procession, deeply evinced the heartfelt sense en¬ 
tertained by all classes of citizens, of the unparalleled virtues, talents, and services of the deceased. 




1 lO 

















THE COMBINED UPPER AND LOWER CASE. 



B 

0 

D 

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F 

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B 

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Invented by Thos. S. Pixckard, Foreman of the State Journal News Room, Springfield, Illinois. 

This combination of the two cases was made for the convenience and assistance of News and Book 
Printers. The Combined Case in size is only about one-third larger than the common case, and bv com¬ 
bining the two cases in one, the compositor has his “Caps,” “Small Caps,” and other upper case letters 
all near him. The diagram will show the arrangement of the boxes; some unimportant changes have 
been made, hut in a very few hours use of the case, the benefits of these changes will become apparent. 















































































































































.4 WOOD CUT OF 2~> 


YEARS AGO 



The above is a specimen of what was termed hrst-class wood engraving about 25 years ago. The 
building is one that formerly stood on the southeast corner of the old State House Square, in this city. 
The corner room of this same building is still standing, and is occupied by John Bressmer, one of the 
largest Drv Goods merchants in Springfield. In the lower right-hand corner will be seen the old rail 
fence that at that time enclosed the State House yard and outside of this is the “hitching rail.’’ and the "old 
pump” on the corner, where farmers were wont to water their horses, while in town doing their trading. 
The cut is a “relic,” which was found some months ago, in looking through the old cuts. It hears the im¬ 
print of some engraver in Cincinnati, but the letters are not perfect enough to give the artist’s name. 



















































































































































































M 

v 


able of Contents. 


PAGES. 


Abstract Page, 

Abstract Title, 

Advertising Cards, 

American Upper and Lower Case, 
Ball Cards, ----- 
Ball Invitations, 

Ball Programmes, 

Banquet Card, 

Banquet Invitation, - 
Banquet Programme, 

Banquet Bill of Fare, 

Bill of Fare, 

Bill Headings - - - - 

Birth Card. - 
Business Cards, 

Calendar for 1876, - 

Checks, - 
Church Invitation, 

Circulars, 

Collection of Items, Dates and Tables, 
Combined Upper and Lower Case, 


- 40 

. 37 

. 43 . 44 - 6 4 > 77 . 7 8 , s 4 

.16 

.21, 22, 27, 30, 61, 7b 

27. 33 . 38. 43 ' 5 1 . r> 3 . 80, Inset op. Page 84 
24-2:;, 33-34, 46-47, <>6-67, 70, 85, Insets op. Pages 76 and 23 

. - - - 81 

82 

Inset op. Page 77 
58-59 

.28 

. 35 . 3 6 . 86 

.84 

3L 44- 45- 52, 53. 6l . 82, 83, 86 

Inset op. Page 40 

.29, 61 

. - - - 26 

23, 43, 62, 69, 73, 74, Inset op. Page 22 

103—no 
111 


Complimentaries, 

Coupon Ticket, 

1 1 3 






























TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Dodgers, - ........... 

Entry Cards, ........ 

Envelope Forms, - - - * - 

Hints to Printers, 

Invitation Card, ----------- 

Imprints, ------------ 

Imposition of Forms, with Diagrams, 

Labels, --------- 

Lady’s Card, -------- 

Lecture Cards, ------ 

Letter-Press Composition, 

Letter Headings, --------- 

Membership Cards, ---------- 

Military Exhibition Drill Invitation, - - - - 

Miniature Quarter Sheet Descriptive, 

Miniature Quarter Sheet Programme, 

Miniature Half Sheet Date, 

National Lincoln Monument Dedication, (fac simile Invitation,) 

New Years Calling Cards, - - - - 

Note Headings, ------ 

Orders, ----------- 

Personal Cards, - - - - - - - 21, 24, 50, 64, 77, 

Prefatory Notes, -------- 

Programmes of Exercises, ------- 

Raffle Ticket, - -- -- -- -- -- - 

Railroad Pass, - - - ------- 

Reception Cards, - - - ------- 

Receipts, ------------ 

Recipes, for the Use of Printers, 

Statement. ------- 

Title Pages, - -- -- -- -- -- - 

Wedding Cards, --------- 

Wedding Invitations, ------- 


- 29, 76 

64 

39 - 4 *. 86 
9—n 

39 

.86 

87—96 

34 - 35 - 45 
4 1 

63, 66 
12—15 
36, 42, 56 

- 25, 64 

- 3 s 

48 

5 ° 

5 ° 

30-31 
77 - 7 s - 8l - 83 
35 * 3 s - 4 6 - 47 - 4 8 - 53 - 6 7 
' 54 - 5 r > 

Insets op, Pages 52 and 85 

. 5 

57, 72, Inset op. Page 53 

78 

75 

33- 68, 79 

- 39 - 54 - 75 
97—100 


74 

2 °- 3 2 , 49- 55- 60, 71 
- 22 - 5 1 - 65 

19, 21, 41, 65, 79 



1 16 



















































FOUNDERS OF PRINTING, 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, 

“AT THE CASE,”. 

ILLINOIS STATE CAPITOL BUILDING. 
A WOOD CUT OF 25 YEARS AGO. 
NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT, 


Page 4 
“ 6 
“ 8 
“ 102 
“ 112 
- “ "4 
















































































